Cordyceps militaris produces cordycepin, which is known to be a bioactive compound. Currently, cordycepin hyperproduction of C. militaris was carried out in a liquid surface culture because of its low productivity in a submerged culture, however the reason was not known. In this study, 4.92 g/L of cordycepin was produced at the 15th day of C. militaris NBRC 103752 liquid surface culture, but on...

Submerged macrophytes play important roles in constructed wetlands and natural water bodies, as these organisms remove nutrients and provide large surfaces for biofilms, which are beneficial for nitrogen removal, particularly from submerged macrophyte-dominated water columns. However, information on the responses of biofilms to submerged macrophytes and nitrogen molecules is limited. In the pre...

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana produces at least three distinct single-cell propagules, aerial conidia, vegetative cells termed blastospores, and submerged conidia, which can be isolated from agar plates, from rich broth liquid cultures, and under nutrient limitation conditions in submerged cultures, respectively. Fluorescently labeled fungal cells were used to quantify the kine...

Scour around hydraulic structures is an inevitable phenomenon . Recognition of this phenomenon and dealing with it is an issue considering which will ensure the project success . Local scour at piers has been reported as the most important factor in the destruction of the bridges . The use of submerged and non-submerged piles is one of the scour control methods . Submerged piles have been rarel...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to provide a synthesis of the pertinent design criteria for submerged bendway weirs. The technical paper is an extension of previous research conducted by the National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE) at the University of Mississippi on the hydrodynamic effects on flow characteristics and effectiveness of submerged bendway...

BACKGROUND Today, implants are placed using both non-submerged and submerged approaches, and in 1- and 2-piece configurations. Previous work has demonstrated that peri-implant crestal bone reactions differ radiographically under such conditions and are dependent on a rough/smooth implant border in 1-piece implants and on the location of the interface (microgap) between the implant and abutment/...

This investigation was initiated to develop a method to provide patients with a fixed provisional prosthesis placed at the time of implant placement. Sixty-three standard 3.75-mm Nobel Biocare implants of varying lengths were placed into mandibular sites in 10 patients and followed for up to 10 years. Twenty-eight implants were immediately loaded at implant placement, providing support for fixe...

Solid substrate cultures of moulds behave in quite a difTerent way to conventional submerged cultures. Catabolic repression often observed in submerged fermentation can easily be overcome by using solid state fermentation. A. niger strains can be grown by SSF technique with the following advantages: enzyme titres and productivity are usually higher; there is a tendency to early enzyme excretion...

Marked differences in surface characteristics were observed among three types of single-cell propagules produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the presence of bundles or fascicles in aerial conidia absent from in vitro blastospores and submerged conidia. Contact angle measurements using polar and apolar test liquids placed on cell laye...