Acknowledgments 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 Chapter 2: Environmental Justice 11 Chapter 3: Sulfur Dioxide and Environmental Health and Toxicology 22 Chapter 4: Policy and Regulations 30 Chapter 5: Methods 40 Chapter 6: Results 43 Chapter 7: Discussion 56

A water surface is a dynamic and constantly evolving terrain producing a vast array of unique molecular properties and interactions with chemical species in the environment. The complex dynamics of water surfaces permit life on earth to continue, but also complicate the development of a complete microscopic picture of the specific behaviors that take place within interfacial aqueous environment...

Carbonyl compounds are produced during fermentation and chemical oxidation during wine making and aging, and they are important to wine flavor and color stability. Since wine also contains these compounds as α-hydroxysulfonates as a result of their reaction with sulfur dioxide, an alkaline pre-treatment requiring oxygen exclusion has been used to release these bound carbonyls for analysis. By m...

The biological oxidation of ferrous to ferric ion by iron oxidizing bacteria is potentially a useful industrial process for the removal of H2S from industrial gases, desulphurization of coal, and removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas. In the bioprocess of H2S removal an aqueous Fe2(SO4)3 solution is used as an absorbent. H2S is absorbed and oxidized to elemental sulfur. At the same time, Fe i...

Background: Combustion of fossil fuels contributes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. To deal with this issue, the government of Iran has appointed the oil refineries to upgrade their installations and produce high quality fuels. Thus, this study investigated the status of SO2 emissions in Iran and the capability of advanced technologies to control SO2 emissions. Methods: The status of SO2 em...

Exposure to urban air pollution, ultrafine particles or gases, is associated with acute cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. We investigated the effect of ambient air pollution on endothelial function in 40 healthy white male nonsmokers spontaneously breathing ambient air in Paris, France. Air pollutant levels (nitrogen, sulfur and carbon oxides, and particulate matter) were averaged during ...

density-functional theory is used to investigate sulfur dioxide physisorption inside and outside of single-wall carbon nanotube of (5,0) and (5,5). this study is conducted at b3lyp/6-31g* level of theory. sulfur dioxide molecule is studied with axis oriented parallel or perpendicular to the nanotube wall. both internal and external adsorption on nanotubes is increased with the angle of interact...

Clouds play an important role in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfate, since aqueous phase sulfur dioxide oxidation is typically much faster than oxidation in the gas phase. Important aqueous phase oxidants include hydrogen peroxide, ozone and oxygen (catalyzed by trace metals). Because quantities of emitted sulfur dioxide in China are so large, however, it is possible that they exceed th...

Aryl N-aminosulfonamides could be easily produced via a palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides, potassium metabisulfite, and hydrazines. Potassium metabisulfite is an excellent equivalent of sulfur dioxide in the reaction of palladium-catalyzed aminosulfonylation.