The enlargement of the general-equilibrium structure to allow for default subject to appropriate credit limits and default penalties results in a construction of a simple mechanism for a credit using society. We show that there generically exists a price-normalizing bundle that determines a credit money along with appropriate credit limits and default penalties for the credit mechanism to selec...

credit risk is defined as a situation in which the liability itself and its interests are not paid back based on the terms determined in contract. in fact, it is considered as the most important risk each bank has to encounter, among the ones present in banking operations, which is actually because of bank's later life being dependent on it. therefore, carefully taken into account, the fac...

Identifying and measuring credit risk of small and medium-sized enterprises should be different from that of large firms, for SMEs appear to be influenced by their owners more directly and significantly. This paper attempts to testify the relationship between default behaviors of SMEs and the credit features of their owners, so that a more appropriate and effective way of credit management of S...

Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies to structured credit products have played an important role in the development of the structured credit market, which has been cast into the limelight by the recent credit crisis. This study aims at clarifying some misconceptions related to CDO ratings, their interpretation and their use. We first describe the rating approaches used by major agencies f...

In this paper we provide a micro model of loans which the lender is a monopolistic bank and the borrower is a competitive consumer with consumption habits who may default on part of his debt. In this setting, we prove that the loan demand curve is kinked and therefore it is possible to find interest rate rigidity in equilibrium as well as asymmetric response of loans to interest rate variations...

A general and efficient method for valuing credit derivatives based on multiple entities is developed in an affine framework. This includes interdependence of market and credit risk, joint credit migration and counterparty default risk of multiple firms. As an application we provide closed form expressions for the joint distribution of default times, default correlations, and default swap sprea...

Observation of historical default rates supports the idea that default events (and, more generally, all indicators of credit quality and transition) are correlated. Default correlations are caused by similar economic conditions and, within a sector, by industry-specific reasons. However, incorporating default correlation in any portfolio credit risk analysis is difficult because of the lack of ...

In this paper, we have investigated multi-item integrated production-inventory models of supplier and retailer with a constant rate of deterioration under stock dependent demand. Here we have considered supplier’s production cost as nonlinear function depending on production rate, retailers procurement cost exponentially depends on the credit period and suppliers transportation cost as a non-li...