At least since Friedman's (1968) American Economic Association Presidential address, macro and labor economists have recognized that a certain level of unemployment is a "natural" consequence of dynamic friction that accompanies the process by which workers are allocated and reallocated among employment opportunities. Friedman (1 968) summarizes his famous definition of the natural rate as foll...

1466 to improve on existing device performance while maintaining acceptable economic value. This information could then inform postmarketing surveillance efforts, triggering reviews at prespecified efficacy or complication thresholds and facilitating rapid application of new data as they become available. Manufacturers could use such data to improve device development; researchers could identif...

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Abstract Populism's electoral success has been linked to socio-economic crises and inflammatory political discourse. However, little is known of populist attitudes in contexts which these supply-side factors are not salient. The present article diverges from the conception populism that sees it as being activated or fuelled by contextual and, rather, conceives an ideological attitudinal dimensi...

This paper investigates supply chain coordination with side-payment contracts. We …rst summarize speci…c side-payment contracts and present our review on the literature that developed general sidepayment schemes to coordinate supply chains. Following our review, we discuss two criteria that a proper side-payment contract must satisfy, and accordingly introduce a decision-dependent transfer paym...

pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. applying new subsidy targeting law in iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. so, in this stu...