We examine whether and how collusive coercive forms of corporate corruption influence firm value. Our identification strategy exploits (i) the exogenous criminal prosecutions regional government officials as part China’s anti-corruption campaign demand-side shocks (ii) unique reporting entertainment travel costs by Chinese firms supply-side disclosure corruption-related spending. Among for whic...

Microeconomic theory predicts that if patients are fully insured and providers are paid fee-for-service, utilization of medical services exceeds the efficient level ('moral hazard effect'). In Switzerland, both demand-side and supply-side cost sharing have been introduced to mitigate this problem. Analyzing a panel dataset of about 160,000 adults, we find both types of cost sharing to be effect...

Urban water supply systems may be managed through supply-side and demand-side strategies, which focus on water source expansion and demand reductions, respectively. Supply-side strategies bear infrastructure and energy costs, while demand-side strategies bear costs of implementation and inconvenience to consumers. To evaluate the performance of demand-side strategies, the participation and wate...

On smart-cards, Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) can be vulnerable to Side Channel Attacks such as the Re ned Power Analysis (RPA). This attack takes advantage of the apparition of special points of the form (0, y). In this paper, we propose a new countermeasure based on co-Z formulæ and an extension of the curve isomorphism countermeasure. It permits to transform the base point P = (x, y) in...

(Note by Dr. Andrew Saul: Fluoridation of water owes its continued existence more to politics than to science. If safety and effectiveness are truly considered, fluoride would be questionable even as a prescription drug. But to freely add it to public water supplies, often without any public vote whatsoever, is far beyond questionable. Mr. Meiers' discussion of the dangers of fluoride is import...

Pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. Determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. Applying new subsidy targeting law in Iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. So, in this stu...