nowadays cmm machines are widely used in surface measurement and inspection. as inspection results from cmm machine are obtained by the means of measuring surfaces with direct contact, they are more precise than non-contact method (like optical measurement). however, cmm machines give more reliable and accurate results rather than non-contact methods but also these results come with error when ...

quality inspection is an indispensable part of modern industrial manufacturing. steel as a major industry requires constant surveillance and supervision through its various stages of production. continuous casting is a critical step in the steel manufacturing process in which molten steel is solidified into a semi-finished product called slab. once the slab is released from the casting unit, th...

Despite of a great demand of automatic image analysis systems in the production industry, the spread of installed systems is still limited. Reasons for this are, among others, the high requirements of image analysis systems with respect to computational effort and accuracy, the high engineering effort for the development of image analysis applications, and thus high investment costs for image a...

Nowadays, wood companies are ever more interested in automatic vision systems (Li & Wu, 2009), (Åstrand & Åström, 1994), for an effective surface inspection that greatly increases the quality of the end product (Smith, 2001), (Armingol et al., 2006). The inspection process, in most visual inspection systems, pursues online defects identification, to reach optimum performance (Malamas et al., 20...