background: pre-operative informed consent is an important aspect of surgery, yet there has been no formal training regarding it in pakistan. this study was done to assess the preoperative informed consent practice. methods: after taking informed permission, a questionnaire was filled in during an interview with 350 patients, who have undergone elective surgical procedures under routine practic...

vertical root fracture (vrf) has been a great challenge in dentistry; most fractures often result in tooth extraction. inflammation of tissues around the fractured root is the main reason for tooth extraction. based on the strategic importance of some fractured teeth, treatment may be necessary and often complicated. however, performing a proper repair or even splinting the fractured segments m...

pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta, which are rare and life-threatening complications in cardiovascular surgeries, can be caused by the bentall procedure. we describe a 44-year-old woman, who had a medical history of acute aortic dissection (type a) and the bentall procedure and was admitted because of exertional dyspnea, edema of the lower extremities, ascites, and holosystolic murmur in t...

background: surgical treatment of a ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm (raaa) continues to present a significant challenge to surgeons. there are some patient factors such as age and gender that cannot be changed, and comorbid conditions can be optimized but not eliminated.  the purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors affecting high mortality after the surgical repair of an raaa. ...

background: segmental vitiligo is a small subset albeit persistent form of focal vitiligo with dermatomal distribution and resistant to medical therapy. in recent years, surgical therapy as hair follicle autograft transplantation has been a hot topic in management of segmental vitiligo. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of this method in segmental vitiligo lesions. methods: the study rec...

purpose: to investigate the incidence, mechanisms, characteristics, and visual outcomes of traumatic wound dehiscence following keratoplasty. methods: medical records of 32 consecutive patients with traumatic globe rupture following keratoplasty who had been treated at our center from 2001 to 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. results: the study population consisted of 32 eyes of 32 patients i...

successful endodontic treatment requires thorough knowledge regarding each root canal system of any tooth and probability of extra canals should be considered. second maxillary molar with two palatal root canals is not frequent and its incidence reported in literatures is about 0.4–2%. the present case report describes non-surgical retreatment of maxillary second molar with two palatal root can...

objective: the purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether the mri and biomarkers human epididymis protein 4 (he 4 ) and ca 125 correlate with depth of myometrial invasion, histologic grade, cervical involvement and nodal metastases in patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. materials and methods: this was a prospective, observational study in women with biopsy-proven ...

background: when non-operative treatment of tennis elbow fails; a surgical procedure can be performed to improve the associated symptoms. different surgical techniques for treatment of lateral epicondylitis are prescribed. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for tennis elbow based on small incision techniques.   methods: this technique was perfo...

conclusions gossypiboma may not be symptomatic for many years or could be symptomatic for a short duration of time. besides being a rare surgical complication, gossypiboma can lead to serious morbidity and mortality that may cause medico-legal problems. diagnosis with imaging methods is difficult. background gossypiboma is the term for forgotten textile products such as a surgical sponge and co...