streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most important causes of bacterial pharyngitis. asymptomatic carriage of this organism especially among schoolchildren is a common issue. study of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the flora strains, as clinical indicators, are useful for treatment of streptococcal infections. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and...

background: and objectives: salmonella infections are endemic in many developing countries with poor sanitary conditions, but emerge sporadically as a serious public health threat in developed countries. infections with multidrug resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella have been associated with treatment failures. salmonella spp. resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins are increasing in pre...

presently appearance of resistance to antifungal agents among aspergillus species is dramatically increasing. the objective of this study was to look at the in vitro activities of antifungal drugs against iranian clinical (from nail, bronchoalveolar lavage, paranasal sinus) isolated a. flavus strains. the susceptibility of 45 aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic aspergillus flavus strains were e...

root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., are one of the important plant parasitic nematodes of tomato in the world. the most suitable control method of plant parasitic nematodes is the use of resistance sources and tolerant cultivars. in the earlier studies, the results showed thatonly 2% (19 out of 537 varieties) were resistant and tolerant to the root knot nematodes. in the supplementary studie...

background although effective strategies have been presented for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance in iran, recent reports have revealed increasing antibiotic resistance among children and adults. objectives in the present study, we tried to provide a clear view of the antibiotic resistance status of aerobic organism as the most prevalent organism in patients with rhinosinusitis in...

background and purpose: candida species are considered a common cause of fungal blood stream infections, which are associated with considerable mortality and morbidity rates, especially in the admitted and immunocompromised patients. despite the increase in new and available antifungal agents, the emergence of resistant strains is growing. regarding this, the aim of the present study was to ass...

background and objectives: the global spread of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) constitutes one of the most serious contemporary challenges to the treatment of hospital-acquired infections. we aimed to screen and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in local hospitals of northern province in jordan. materials a...

abstract east azarbaijan province is one of the most important areas for poplar production and has the highest suitability of poplar plantation in iran. three species of poplar trees included populus alba, p. nigra and p. x. euramericana are planted and usually attacked by different pests in this province. melasoma populi l., archips rosana (l.) and pemphigus filaginis are some of important pes...

background : mosquitoes are considered as the vectors of dirofilariasis and some vector borne disease in iran. the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility level of the vectors to various insecticides recommended by who for any control measures in an endemic area in northwestern iran. methods : mosquito larval and adult collections were carried out using different methods pro...

background enterococci have emerged as more virulent and multidrug-resistant in community and hospital settings. the emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) in hospitals has posed a serious threat to public health. the widespread use of antibiotics to treat vre infections has resulted in the development of resistant forms of these organisms. conclusions among the nanoparticles, zno ...