A simple system dynamics model of a traditional/closed loop supply chain system is investigated. Particularly, the effect of remanufacture, remanufacturing lead-time and the return rate on the inventory variance and bullwhip effect were studied. Our results clearly showed that the bullwhip in the closed loop supply chain is bigger than one in traditional supply chain and foreign to the collecti...

Supply chain management and closed-loop supply chain management (CLSCM) have developed into established concepts in recent years. The related material cycles and product returns form an important part of all related processes with high potential for reducing environmental burden. The paper proposes a framework for (environmentally triggered) closed-loop supply chain management, spanning three d...

In recent years, comprehensive researches have provided ample support for the supply chains in the coordinated decision-making framework. However, the issue of closed-loop supply chain coordination considering various transportation modes has not yet been addressed in the literature. In this paper, a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is investigate...

The increased awareness of environmental sustainability has led to increasing attention closed loop supply chains (CLSC). main objective the CLSC is capture values from end-of-life (EOL) products in a way that ensures business be economically and environmentally sustainable. challenge complexity occurrs due closing loop. At same time, considering stochastic variables will increase realism obtai...

Under the global trend of sustainability, many companies selling fashion products have to reshape their operational strategies. Over the past few years, we have witnessed many fashion companies going green by re-engineering their business processes and establishing their formal sustainability programs. Many important topics, such as closed-loop supply chain management, corporate social responsi...

The main feature of sustainable supply Chain Management is reuse end life (EOL) products to reduce the environmental pollution. This paper considers consignment stock (CS) policy for a closed-loop chain (CLSC). To achieve economic goal, this study presents multi-echelon with single manufacturer, retailer and third-party service provider. objective optimize three-level CLSC under Stackelberg gam...

We use optimal control theory to determine the manufacturing, remanufacturing, and disposal rates in a closed-loop supply chain. The returned items are of different quality levels. firm grades according their quality. Each class is remanufactured stocked separately. Also, all subject deterioration rate depends on class. Finally, each sold segment customers. An illustrative example presented alo...