In this paper, the service guaranteed scheduling model was proposed for the MPMS switching fabric. Firstly, the service distribution characteristic of each cell flow was analyzed in the MPMS switching fabric. Then, the service guaranteed distributed architecture was designed, and the scheduling model is proposed for demultiplexors, multiplexors, input switching units, middle switching units and...

The conventional wisdom is that switching costs raise prices and make markets less competitive. Dube, Hitsch and Rossi (2009, hereafter DHR) demonstrate a U shaped relationship between switching costs and equilibrium average prices; i.e., prices fall at low levels of switching costs and then rise as switching costs become very high. DHR show this result using a numerical solution of an infinite...

We present switching field distributions of spin-transfer assisted magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni multilayer spin-valve nanopillars at room temperature. Switching field measurements of the Co/Ni free layer of spin-valve nanopillars with a 50 nm× 300 nm ellipse cross section were conducted as a function of current. The validity of a model that assumes a spin-current d...

The internal-switching induced simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is studied in the paper. Unlike ground bounce caused by driving off-chip loading, both power-rail and ground-rail wire/pin impedances are important in evaluating internal SSN, and the double negative feedback mechanism should be accounted for. Based on the lumped-model analysis and taking into account the parasitic effects and ve...

This paper describes a new design for direct sliding mode method with a high switching frequency using the PD-PI type sliding surface applied to a negative output Luo converter worked in continuous current mode for applications required constant power source such as aerospace applications, medical equipment and etc. Because of the output power and line changes, the converter model is also nonli...