label switching technology is a flexible and high performance method for forwarding layer three packets that are mapped to layer two flows. each label switch router, lsr, needs a specific label for every flow, where the number of labels depends on the mapping and granularity of flows. data and control driven methods are the most significant and popular methods in label mapping policy. the above...

Though Hamilton's (1989) Markov switching model has been widely estimated in various contexts, formal testing for Markov switching is not straightforward. Univariate tests in the classical framework by Hansen (1992) and Garcia (1998) do not reject the linear model for GDP. We present Bayesian tests for Markov switching in both univariate and multivariate settings based on sensitivity of the pos...

this paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage dc-dc converters at light loads. pulse width modulation (pwm) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (pfm) control is more efficient for the same cases. switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. to decrease the switching losses...

In this paper we propose a new class of nonlinear time series models, the threshold variable driven switching autoregressive models. It is a hierarchical model that combines two important nonlinear time series models, the threshold autoregressive (AR) models and the random switching AR models. The underlying time series process switches between two (or more) different linear models. The switchi...

Based on virtual equivalent system concept and methodology, a unified analysis of the stability and convergence of switching multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) of linear time-invariant discrete plant is presented. The main results are expressed by three criteria. Two of them are applicable to switching MMAC systems with arbitrary control strategy, arbitrary parameter estimation algorithm an...

The Causally Dynamic Hybrid Bond Graph is extended to the case of modeswitching behaviour. Mode-switching ‘trees’ of switches and elements are historically used by bond graph practitioners to represent elements with piecewise-continuous functions. This case is defined as ‘parametric switching’ for the purposes of the hybrid bond graph, since the switching is internal to the element, as opposed ...

A two-level mixture linear dynamic system model, with frame-level switching parameters in the observation equation and with segment-level switching parameters in the target-directed state equation, is developed and evaluated. The main contributions of this work are: (1) the new framework for dealing with mixed-level switching in the dynamic system and (2) the novel use of piecewise linear funct...

A linear latent growth curve mixture model is presented which includes switching between growth curves. Switching is accommodated by means of a Markov transition model. The model is formulated with switching as a highly constrained multivariate mixture model and is fitted using the freely available Mx program. The model is illustrated by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Y...