While extracting dynamics parameters from backbone (15)N relaxation measurements in proteins has become routine over the past two decades, it is increasingly recognized that accurate quantitative analysis can remain limited by the potential presence of systematic errors associated with the measurement of (15)N R(1) and R(2) or R(1ρ) relaxation rates as well as heteronuclear (15)N-{(1)H} NOE val...

standardization of photography in plastic surgery is fundamental for pre-operative surgical planning, comparative post-operative assessment, and demonstration of surgical results.1 in rhinoplasty, slight changes in patient or camera position can lessen nasal hump, vary nose size, and alter skin tension.2 in order to prevent these common errors, photographic standardization with high-quality equ...

in many countries, leveling networks are established for height determination which is one of the most important topics in geodesy. in these networks, the sum of the leveled height differences between a and b will not be equal to the difference in the orthometric heights ha and hb. the reason is that the leveling increment ?n, as we henceforth denote it, is different from the corresponding incr...

Monte Carlo dose calculations will potentially reduce systematic errors that may be present in currently used dose calculation algorithms. However, Monte Carlo calculations inherently contain random errors, or statistical uncertainty, the level of which decreases inversely with the square root of computation time. Our purpose in this study was to determine the level of uncertainty at which a lu...

PURPOSE To investigate the impact of clinical target volume (CTV) shape and size on CTV to planning target volume (PTV) margin expansion. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using numerical integration methods, margins accounting for random errors and systematic errors were calculated for CTVs of different shapes and sizes. We use k(r-95) and k(s-95) to represent the coefficients, for random errors and sys...