Economic theory suggests that an extension of the maximum length of entitlement for unemployment benefits increases the duration of unemployment. Empirical results for the reform of the unemployment compensation system in Germany during the 1980s are less clear. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the controversial empirical findings and by recent developments in econometrics for partial...

The theoretical system of the State Grid energy internet strategy is studied in this paper. This paper combs scientific connotation Internet strategic goal under dual carbon goal. Combining policy requirements state-owned enterprise reform with electric power reform, a systematic and understanding has emerged. at current stage proposed, which provides support practical guidance for relevant dep...

Abstract Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) of pre-service and in-service teachers plays a significant role in the successful implementation educational reforms. The purpose this systematic literature review is to explore interaction between curriculum and/or assessment reform TSE. Twenty-nine empirical research studies are analysed find factors that impact TSE during change support mechanisms necessa...

Shortages in, and maldistribution of, the primary health care workforce will continue to limit access to health care. The current health reform proposals and policies recognise workforce development as a priority, but only partially address the barriers to improvement. In particular, there will need to be more systematic development of interdisciplinary education within primary health care serv...

BACKGROUND Policymakers and stakeholders need immediate access to many types of research evidence to make informed decisions about the full range of questions that may arise regarding health systems. METHODS We examined all types of research evidence about governance, financial and delivery arrangements, and implementation strategies within health systems contained in Health Systems Evidence ...

Little is known about nurses' direct experiences of ethical preparedness for dealing with catastrophic public health emergencies and healthcare disasters or the ethical quandaries that may arise during such events. A systematic literature review was undertaken to explore and synthesize qualitative research literature reporting nurses' direct experiences of being prepared for and managing the et...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Frequent emergency department (ED) users have been the targets of health care reform proposals and hospital crowding interventions, but it is not clear that common assumptions about this group are supported by data. We review the literature pertaining to frequent ED users, their demographics, acuity of illness, and patterns of health care utilization. We seek to inform developme...

BACKGROUND Continuous quality improvement (CQI) has been successfully applied in business and engineering for over 60 years. While using CQI techniques within nephrology has received increased attention, little is known about where, and with what measure of success, CQI can be attributed to improving outcomes within nephrology care. This is particularly important as payors' focus on value-based...