Three members of a receptor tyrosine kinase family, including Tyro3, Axl, and Mer, are collectively called as TAM receptors. TAM receptors have two common ligands, namely, growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6) and protein S (ProS). The TAM-Gas6/ProS system is essential for phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells, and plays critical roles in regulating immune response. Genetic studies have shown th...

BACKGROUND BAG-1 (bcl-2 associated athanogene) is a multifunctional protein that protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli including radiation, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression of cytoplasmic BAG-1 has been associated with the increased survival and decreased response to treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) in breast cancer. We attempted to assess the expression of BAG-...

The effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) on the growth of two hormone-sensitive human tumors have been examined in athymic mice. The endometrial tumor, EnCa101, was stimulated to grow by TAM either alone or when combined with estradiol. This contrasted with the nonstimulation of the breast tumor, MCF-7, by TAM alone and the antagonist action of TAM on estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7...

Tamoxifen (Tam) is widely used in chemotherapy of breast cancer. It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent modulation of gene expression. In addition, recent reports have shown that Tam also has nongenomic effects. We previously reported induction of a rapid mitochondrial death program in breast cancer cells at pharmacological con...

Dengue viruses (DVs) are responsible for the most medically relevant arboviral diseases. However, the molecular interactions mediating DV entry are poorly understood. We determined that TIM and TAM proteins, two receptor families that mediate the phosphatidylserine (PtdSer)-dependent phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells, serve as DV entry factors. Cells poorly susceptible to DV are robustly in...

ÐA strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus was used as a model to study the interaction of tamoxifen (TAM) with the membrane and the cytostatic antiproliferative e€ects not related to estrogen binding. TAM inhibits the growth of B. stearothermophilus as a function of concentration. The supplementation of the growth medium with Ca or Mg partially relieves the growth inhibition by TAM, allowing gro...

The binding of [3H]tamoxifen ([3H]Tam), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, and of 4-[3H]hydroxytamoxifen ([3H]OH-Tam), a metabolite accumulated in vivo in target cell nuclei, was characterized in soluble extracts of human breast cancer MCF7 cells growing in a medium depleted in estrogens. Saturation analysis indicated a much higher affinity for OH-Tam (Kd = 0.15 nM) than for Tam (Kd = 4.8 nM). The bi...

Dietary flaxseed (FS) inhibited the growth of human breast tumours and enhanced the effectiveness of tamoxifen (TAM) in athymic mice with low oestradiol (E2) levels. The present study determined whether the n-3 fatty acid-rich cotyledon fraction of FS (FC), alone or in combination with TAM, has a similar effect and thus can substitute for FS. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, ovariectomised mice wit...

The growth inhibitory effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and tamoxifen (TAM) were tested on three long-established endometrial carcinoma cell lines (HEC-1, KLE, and RL95-2) and on UM-EC-1, a new endometrial carcinoma cell line established in our laboratory. MPA and TAM were used in growth experiments either alone, simultaneously, or sequentially. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was ...

Purpose: This trial was prompted by uncertainty about the need for breast irradiation after lumpectomy in node-negative women with invasive breast cancers of < 1 cm, by speculation that tamoxifen (TAM) might be as or more effective than radiation therapy (XRT) in reducing the rate of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in such women, and by the thesis that both modalities might be more e...