background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate nodal irradiation with conventional three-field's technique. materials and methods: fifty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. computed tomography scans in the supine treatment position were imported into a treatment planning system. levels i-iii axillary and supraclavicular nodes were identified and their depths to ...

We propose a framework for the spectral processing of tangential vector fields on surfaces. The basis is a Fourier-type representation of tangential vector fields that associates frequencies with tangential vector fields. To implement the representation for piecewise constant tangential vector fields on triangle meshes, we introduce a discrete Hodge–Laplace operator that fits conceptually to th...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to estimate the secondary cancer risk of thyroid for standard radiotherapy methods which are commonly used for breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four breast cancer patients (their age range was around 50 years old) who referred to Seyed- Al- Shohada hospital (Isfahan, Iran) were included in this ...

radiotherapy plays an essential role in the management of breast cancer. three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3d-crt) is applied based on 3d image information of anatomy of patients. in three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3d-crt) for breast cancer one of the common techniques is tangential technique. in this project, various parameters of tangential and supraclavicular fiel...

Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer increases with the rate of 1-2% at the world. Radiation therapy is one of the available choices for breast cancer treatment. The single isocentre half-beam block technique is considered as a standard technique to avoid hot and cold spots within the PTV. The major advantage of half beam technique is that the both contralateral breast...

The purpose of the present study was to compare a new internal mammary irradiation technique with traditional techniques for locally advanced breast cancers in terms of sparing ipsilateral lung and heart and reducing the "cold" and "hot spots"in breast tissue. The new technique uses wide tangential fields for the first eight fractions of treatment. A medial internal mammary field (IMF) of elect...

We consider a tangent-space representation of surfaces which maps each point on a surface to the tangent plane of the surface at that point. Such representations are known to facilitate the solution of several visibility problems, in particular, those involving silhouette analysis. In this paper, we introduce a novel class of distance fields for a given surface defined by its tangent planes. At...

BACKGROUND The treatment of breast cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach in which radiotherapy plays a key role. AIM The conformity index and the homogeneity index are two analysis tools of a treatment plan using conformal radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is an analysis of these two parameters in the assessment of the treatment plans in 58 patients undergoing postoperative rad...