Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves the excitation of a molecular target by a beam of laser radiation followed by the detection of the subsequent emission of radiation from the target. LIF detection has several advantages over absorption spectroscopy. First, LIF has excellent detection sensitivity because a signal is observed against a dark background. Se...

The globalization of instructional design is the direction for the 21st century and beyond. Future designs of instruction, like the emerging VIDL, must consider culture as an integral component to the design process. Culture is a core construct of all design decisions; however its potential to improve the design process has been mostly ignored in the field of instructional design (Subramony 200...

BACKGROUND It is important to achieve the definitive pathogen identification in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), but the traditional culture results always delay the target antibiotic therapy. We assessed the method called quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) as a new implement for steering of the antibiotic decision-making in HAP. METHODS Totally, 76 respiratory trac...

Objective(s):An earlier meta-analysis on gene expression data derived from four microarray, two cDNA library, and one SAGE experiment had identified RGS5 as one of only ten non-housekeeping genes that were reported to be expressed in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells by all studies. RGS5 encodes regulator of G-protein signaling-5. The TM tissue is the route of aqueous fluid outflow, and is r...

Various culture-based methodologies are used in assessment of antibiotic resistance in samples collected in agroecosystems. Culture-based methods commonly involve isolating target bacteria on general or selective media and assessing growth in response to specific concentrations of antibiotics. The advantages of culture-based methods are multifold. In particular, isolation of bacteria is key to ...

Mammalian cell culture material is often difficult to produce accurately and reproducibly for downstream studies. This article presents a methodology for the creation of a set of cell culture test materials where key variables including cell density, cell viability, product, and the host cell protein (HCP) load can be manipulated individually. The methodology was developed using a glutamine syn...

Individual medial and lateral nociceptive (N) cells of the leech have been paired with a variety of different target cells to determine the patterns and the properties of the connections made in culture. 1. Lateral nociceptive N cells did not make electrical or chemical connections with other N cells or with P sensory cells. 2. N cells made electrical connections with Retzius cells, anterior pa...

OBJECTIVES Earlier studies indicated that hamster pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma not only derives from ductal/ductular structures but also from cells within the islet. So far unidentified cells within the islet are responsive to the carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) forming poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma. However, studies indicated a major role of β-ce...

background: the quality of clinical services is one of the main concerns around the world. clinical governance as a new approach to improving the quality of care provided by the health care system plays a major role in the provision of higher quality health care services. the success of this approach depends on the existence of a strong and suitable organizational culture. the aim of this study...