this experimental study examined the effectiveness of using focused and unfocused tasks on iranianintermediate efl learners’ performance in producing noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. in addition,the aim of this study was to explore the effects of form-focused instruction and the feedback studentsreceived from their teacher after doing focused grammar tasks. data consisted of the scores ofth...

abstract the present study examined the effect of genre-based tasks on efl learners' speaking performance and probed whether genre-based tasks may empower efl learners to perform better on speaking tests. a further concern of the study was to explore whether the effect of genre-based tasks on speaking ability of efl learners varied across different age groups, i.e. teenagers (13-16 years o...

the present study adopts the perspective that metacognitive strategy instruction is bound to occur inside the classroom especially on oral tasks. accordingly, the researchers investigated whether metacognitive strategy instruction prior to oral tasks was more successful than conventional ways in improving efl learners’ oral proficiency. to this end, 56 participants studying in a language school...

results total prevalence's of subjects with wrist-hand, shoulder-arm, neck back and lower limb disorders were obtained 556 (82.6%), 352 (52.3%), 238 (35.4%), 454 (67.5%), and 149 (22.1%) respectively (p = 0.028). the highest cumulative risk was corresponded to wrist-hand, and after that were cumulative risks of back, shoulder-arm, neck, and lower limb respectively. objectives this study was con...

this paper reports on the findings of a study designed to investigate the cultural and social complexities governing the compliment responses among the persian native speakers. 200 persian respondents took a 24-item discourse completion task (dct) while 15 native field workers were also set responsible for collecting the examples of complimenting exchanges they either observed or participated i...

abstracttask-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. the present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. to this purpose, an oxford placement test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. the selected...

wireless sensor networks(wsn) have unique properties that distinguished them from other wireless networks and have special challenges. not-chargeable, not-changeable and limited power supplies of sensor nodes is the most important challenge of this networks, and if the power supply of node expired, a part of data maybe lost. because of the importance of covers in wireless sensors, in this work ...