members of erysiphales cause powdery mildew diseases on wide host rang and produce whitish primary mycelium on surface of infected parts. based on microscopic study of one specimen on jasminum sp., structures of fungus including conidiophores and conidia were observed. foot cells of conidiophores were cylindrical or curved in basal part, followed by 1-2 shorter cells. conidia were ellipsoid to ...

sixteen isolates of colletotrichum were collected from leaves with anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots of twelve wild, cultivated and ornamental plant species from the guilan, mazandaran, and golestan provinces in northern iran. five different species, including c. aenigma, c. gigasporum, c. godetiae, c. karstii, and c. musae were identified based on the dna sequence data (tub2, gs, gapdh). four...

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) considers attributes as a non-ordered set. This is appropriate when the data set is not structured. When an attribute taxonomy exists, existing techniques produce a completed context with all attributes deduced from the taxonomy. Usual algorithms can then be applied on the completed context for finding frequent concepts, but the results systematically contain redun...

We develop a taxonomy of research papers on the topic of mobile health project implementation and evaluation. The paper begins with a literature review on the topics of taxonomy, mobile health, and project evaluation. Following this review is an analysis of the research opportunities in the information systems field and an argument for the application of a categorization system guided by empiri...

Building on previous works (e.g. Kubozono 2006, and Kang 2010), this article attempts to establish a taxonomy for loanword prosody, referring specifically to the patterns of stress, tone, or pitch-accent that are found in loanwords. Toward a taxonomy, we consider the following factors: (i) whether the pronunciation of the word in the source language influences the assignment of prosody in the b...

There is a gap between software testing research and practice. One reason is the discrepancy between how testing research is reported and how testing challenges are perceived in industry. We propose the SERP-test taxonomy to structure information on testing interventions and practical testing challenges from a common perspective and thus bridge the communication gap. To develop the taxonomy we ...

A taxonomy-based source consists of a taxonomy and a database storing objects that are indexed in terms of the taxonomy. For this kind of sources, we describe a flexible interaction scheme that allows users to retrieve the objects of interest without having to be familiar with the terms of the taxonomy or with the supported query language. Specifically we describe an interaction manager whose f...

This paper proposes a taxonomy of distributed denial-ofservice attacks and a taxonomy of the defense mechanisms that strive to counter these attacks. The attack taxonomy is illustrated using both known and potential attack mechanisms. Along with this classification we discuss important features of each attack category that in turn define the challenges involved in combating these threats. The d...

Today, the nascent field of personal health records (PHRs) lacks a comprehensive taxonomy that encompasses the full range of PHRs currently in existence and what may be possible. The Center for Information Technology Leadership (CITL) has created a taxonomy that broadly defines a PHR as having both an infrastructure component, which allows for data viewing and sharing, and an application compon...