Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidenc...

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is well described in the literature. Reports of MDR TB meningitis (MDR-TBM), however, are limited to case reports and a single case series. During the period of 1999-2002, 350 patients with TBM were identified by cerebrospinal fluid culture for TB. Thirty patients (8.6%) had TB that was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. All 30 ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging features of 160 adult patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) according to "Thwaites' diagnostic index." METHODS The subjects of this retrospective study are the patients with TBM who were followed up between years 1998 and 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital. Diagnosis of TBM was based on clini...

Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) is defined as marked cystic tracheobronchial dilatation. Tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) is a rare condition primarily effecting men between the ages of 40 to 50 years. The etiology of TBM is unknown. Pathologically, there is atrophy of the muscular and elastic elements of the trachea and central bronchi. The diagnosis of TBM and the associated pathology ...

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by weakness of cartilaginous supporting structures of tracheal and bronchial walls, resulting in central airway obstruction. It is a rare condition that can occur after prolonged intubation. Here, we report a 26-year-old, alcoholic male who had TBM, mild subglottic, and severe tracheal stenosis following 2 weeks of intubation. Subglottic and tracheal...

Guinea pigs sensitized with heterologous renal cortical tubular basement membrane (TBM) 1 preparations develop a characteristic form of autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (anti-TBM disease) (1). Widespread cortical tubular damage occurs, together with an extensive interstitial infiltrate that includes lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells (1-5). The disease...

IMPORTANCE The study demonstrates use of a novel intervention for severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). OBJECTIVE To test a novel, 3-dimensionally (3D) printed, bioresorbable airway splint for efficacy in extending survival in a porcine model of severe, life-threatening TBM. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, prospective animal trial was used to evaluate an external airway splint as treatm...

BACKGROUND Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a major global health problem, and it is sometimes difficult to perform a differential diagnosis of this disease from other diseases, particularly partially-treated pyogenic meningitis (PTPM). In an earlier study, we demonstrated the presence of a 30-kD protein antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM patients. We have also shown that lymphocytes fr...

Here, we evaluated the potential activity of rapid Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), for the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Patients with suspected TBM from January 2014 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The cerebrospinalfluid(CSF) was collected. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining, MGIT 960 culture, real-time ...

Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of tuberculosis, yet very little is known about the pathophysiology. We hypothesized that the genotype of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (encoded by LTA4H), which determines inflammatory eicosanoid expression, influences intracerebral inflammation, and predicts survival from TBM. Methods We characterized the pretreatment clinical ...