In order to investigate the theory of the time domain reflectometry (TDR) cable length measurement, the transmission line transient analysis iteration formula based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) is derived based on the transmission line theory. The electromagnetic wave propagation theory and the regular pattern of the TDR signal propagating in cables are studied. The theoretical c...

For many years reflector Impulse Radiating Antennas (IRAs) were built with four feed arms positioned at ±45° to the dominant polarization (usually vertical). However, recent experimental and numerical investigations have demonstrated improved gain and crosspol performance when the feed arms were positioned at ±30° to vertical. Despite these results, there has been a belief that one could obtain...

OBJECTIVES Surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) in drug-naive patients are typically used to survey HIV-1-transmitted drug resistance (TDR). We test here how SDRMs in patients failing treatment, the original source of TDR, contribute to assessing TDR, transmissibility and transmission source of SDRMs. DESIGN This is a retrospective observational study analyzing a Portuguese cohort o...

BACKGROUND Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can limit effective treatment options to antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected persons and increase the risk of treatment failure. Limited estimates of TDR have been reported from the South Central United States. OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of TDR in Oklahoma and to examine whether TDR rates have increased with time. METHODS This was a retros...

The indeterminate nature of plant growth and development depends on the stem cell system found in meristems. The Arabidopsis thaliana vascular meristem includes procambium and cambium. In these tissues, cell-cell signaling, mediated by a ligand-receptor pair made of the TDIF (for tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor) peptide and the TDR/PXY (for TDIF RECEPTOR/ PHLOEM INTERCALATED...

Diets were restricted to 60% of the intake of the control mice by feeding less diet (total diet restriction, TDR) or by feeding fewer calories from fat and carbohydrate (calorie restriction, CR) during the initiation or promotion phases of skin tumorigenesis in female SENCAR mice. Skin cancer was initiated by topical treatment with 10 nmol of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene in acetone and promoted ...

The activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TdR-Pase), which is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (a potent angiogenic factor), was analyzed in primary human bladder cancer tissues. TdR-Pase activity in tissues was determined from the conversion rate of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine to 5-fluorouracil. The mean activity in 37 bladder cancers and in 8 samples of normal bladder ...

Since time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been identified as one of the potential non-destructive methods for quality control of soil nailing works in 2003, further development work has been carried out. This report updates on the experience gained on the use of this technique to determine soil nail length. Various sources of uncertainty of a TDR test have been studied. They include human judge...

[1] Application of time domain reflectometry (TDR) in soil hydrology often involves the conversion of TDR-measured dielectric permittivity to water content using universal calibration equations (empirical or physically based). Deviations of soil-specific calibrations from the universal calibrations have been noted and are usually attributed to peculiar composition of soil constituents, such as ...

A FRACTION of the leukocytes circulating in the blood of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML) is synthesizing DNA. #{176} This paper presents data to show that the DNA synthesis time (Ts ) of these cells is similar to that found in normal bone marrow by Stryckmans et al.1’ Despite the presence of cells in DNA synthesis ( S ) , mitoses are rarely seen in the peripheral blood in CML. Sin...