Macroscopic and equilibrium-based models for traffic assignment and simulation disregard many details of traffic movement. For some applications, one needs to understand and analyze microscopic properties. This paper discusses an agent-based simulation of route choice under different conditions of demand generation, number, and types of travelers. The effects of en-route decision-making and veh...

Among travelers from developed countries who visit developing countries, >60% may experience traveler's diarrhea, accounting for 40,000 travelers daily or >15 million travelers annually. Traveler's diarrhea is often accompanied by other symptoms, most often abdominal cramps. Although the spontaneous cure occurs after a mean of 4 days, a few patients have symptoms for weeks, and it is increasing...

Introduction: International travels have increased dramatically in recent years. Adolescents constitute a fast-growing group of travelers. Travels provide an opportunity for exposure to high-risk behavior. The current study reviewed the published data about travel-related morbidity among adolescents traveling to international destinations. Methods: PubMed...

Travel is a momentum to look inside that influences the travelers' existence, along with meeting and interacting others. The self as traveler experiences internal dynamics reflected in travel writings. This paper analyzes five French writings reveal self-construction of travelers who explored East 19th century. analysis results show travelers’ divided into Enlightenment or Romantic subjects tru...

Travel time reliability has generally been surmised to be an important attribute of transportation systems. In this paper, we study the contribution of travel time reliability in travelers’ route choice decisions. Traveler’s route choice is formulated as a mixed-logit model, with the coefficients in the model representing individual traveler’s preferences or tastes towards travel time, reliabil...

Background. International travel to Africa has grown dramatically over the last decade along with an increasing need to understand the health issues for travelers. The current survey aimed to assess vaccination and malaria prevention of travelers visiting Africa. Methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from of November 1, 2011 to of April 30, 2013 at Athens International Airport. Re...

Constrained cognitive abilities cause imperfections in traveler’s choice behavior which are largely systematic and predictable. This paper introduces the concept ‘regulation flexibility’ to build upon this knowledge, taking it as an advantage to increase the effectiveness of traffic network management rather than a threat. It assumes that within set boundaries, traffic management measures are p...

There is a wide range in prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV immunization programs between different regions. Hepatitis B is a vaccine preventable disease yet is still endemic in the majority of countries in Asia. Despite the decreasing global prevalence of chronic HBV infection, there is still considerable risk of HBV infection among international travelers to high endemic ...

BACKGROUND Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease in travelers. In countries where dengue virus is endemic, sequential (secondary) infections with different dengue virus serotypes are associated with disease severity. Data on severity and secondary infection rates in a population of travelers are lacking. METHODS Intensified surveillance of dengue fever in travelers was performed w...

BACKGROUND Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) is the most commonly used treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the United States. Apparent AP treatment failures were reported 7 months apart in 2 American travelers who stayed in the same compound for foreign workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. METHODS We analyzed pretreatment (day 0) and day of failure samples from both travelers fo...