A hallmark of mammalian neural circuit development is the refinement of initially imprecise connections by competitive activity-dependent processes. In the developing visual system retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from the two eyes undergo activity-dependent competition for territory in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). The direct contributions of synaptic transmission to this proc...

Evolution by natural selection depends on the relationship between individual traits and fitness. Variation in individual fitness can result from habitat (territory) quality and individual variation. Individual quality and specialization can have a deep impact on fitness, yet in most studies on territorial species the quality of territory and individuals are confused. We aimed to determine if v...

A 38-year-old man presented with a dissecting aneurysm of the left proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) manifesting as Wallenberg's syndrome. The patient was treated by endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm and parent artery. Immediately after the treatment, the PICA territory was supplied by collateral circulation via the ipsilateral anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Seven ...

Although natural selection in ants acts most strongly at the colony, or superorganismal level, foraging patterns have rarely been studied at that level, focusing instead on the behavior of individual foragers or groups of foragers. The experiments and observations in this paper reveal in broad strokes how colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), allocate the...

PURPOSE Patients with superficial middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction may have concomitant lenticulostriate artery (LSA) territory infarction. We investigated the mechanisms thereof and the outcomes of patients with superficial MCA territory infarction according to the presence or absence of LSA involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with first-ever infarction i...

Salmonids, outside their reproductive period, are seen to have two types of territory called "territorial mosaic" and "partial territory". The first aspect of this research aimed at identifying the type of territory established by mature brook chars in artificial streams. After this, the biological value of spacing out was studied with regard to two resources: food, and shelter/shade which give...

In order to study how climate change affects the territory size of subterranean termites, a lattice model was used to simulate the foraging territory of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), and the minimized local rules that are based on empirical data from the development of termites' foraging territory was applied. A landscape was gene...

Natal dispersal behavior can vary considerably among individuals, but the causes of intraspecific plasticity in dispersal are poorly understood. We tested six hypotheses about social and environmental conditions that might influence natal dispersal of males in the cooperatively breeding Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Further, we examined whether variation in dispersal behavior is ...

Special cartographic outputs are required by the disaster management. Such 2D, 3D and/or 4D territory models have to present area features important for: 1. understanding the accident wider territory layout, 2. personal orientation in the territory (landscape landmarks), 3. direct disaster location surroundings imagination, 4. assessment of area features important (and sensitive) for disaster b...

People establish connections with the territory that live in and the territory is modelled by their presence. The sedimentation of the places, by chance or planned, get inhabited people according to models and connections that are deeply linked to the individual and social experience. The digital territories as social-network seem to set up similar connections as the traditional social dynamics...