in u.s. public opinion before the 11 september have defined terrorism is a unpresidented events in thire countries. but true is since two centuries ago until now, especially after secound world war, united states extremly has experienced domestic and foreign terrorist groups and their attacks. wathever it wasn’t as well as scale of the other west countries like spain, italy and britain has incu...

As globalization becomes more pervasive, the legal regimes of constitutional democracies throughout the world become ever more interdependent. This is so for at least two principal reasons: First, the citizens of one country find themselves affected to an ever greater extent by the laws of other nations. What happens elsewhere affects us here. Second, a growing similarity of legal regimes—a gro...

The war on terrorism will have lasted seven years by September 2008, making it much longer than the American Civil War or World War II. Current American national security and military strategy documents, in fact, frame this war as a protracted struggle, one which may see persistent conflict lasting several decades. Despite the duration of this war, the US government has not yet exhibited a grea...

the main purpose of this article is studing un’s actions to counter international terrorism giving to development of it after cold war.we are going to answer the question in descriptive-analtical way that what was un’s practical actions to counter it and weather it was successful.to answer the main question of this article first we will diccuss the development of terrorism after cold war and ne...

It seems mere common sense to begin any serious discussion of terrorism with an attempt at definition. After all, how can we talk sensibly about the topic unless we know what the topic is? It is true that there are various objections to common sense at this point, but I shall not pursue them here beyond remarking that widespread disarray among theorists about what to count as terrorism suggests...

n the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on America, Congress and the President acted swiftly to pass new legislation to make it easier for federal, state, and local law enforcement to investigate and avert suspected acts of terrorism. On October 26, 2001, President Bush signed into law the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act of 2001 (PATRIOT Act, or “the Act”). As indicated by its short tit...

Terrorism with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) is an urgent threat to homeland security. The process of counter-WMD terrorism often involves multiple government and terrorist group players, which is under-studied in the literature. In this paper, first we consider two subgames: a proliferation game between two terrorist groups or cells (where one handling the black market for profits prolife...

This paper analyses the counter-terrorism systems in Spain and Poland. This comparative study looks at legal, institutional, and conceptual solutions. In particular, criminal legal regulations and various institutions fighting terrorism are analysed, as are the main goals and tasks of these bodies. The paper shows the scale of terrorist incidents and evolution of terrorist threats in both count...

Terrorism will be high on the political agenda for many years to come. Various policies are open to a government fighting terrorism but, in any case, considerable costs are involved. In the competition for political support, the costs and benefits of anti-terrorism policies will be debated. Better information about terrorism and its consequences can improve policy outcome if there is electoral ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the mortality burdens from two global impacts on mortality: international terrorism and the major cause of preventable death in developed countries--tobacco use. We also sought to examine the similarities and differences between these two causes of mortality so as to better inform the policy responses directed at prevention. METHODS Data on deat...