The immediate consequences of terrorism are evident in the graphic news images of mayhem that quickly follow such events. But terrorism is like a stone tossed into a still pond. It triggers waves of consequence that ripple out over multiple timescales from the micro-level of the individual to the macro-level of international relations. The socio-political dynamics that terrorism triggers are un...

The United States armed forces could be considered the world's most powerful military force. However, in modern conflicts, techniques of asymmetric warfare (terrorism) wreak havoc on the inflexible, regardless of technological or numerical advantage. In order to be more effective, the US military must improve its counter-terrorism (CT) capabilities and flexibility. In this light, the authors mo...

[The definition of Terrorism] Lately, a lot of military actions are claimed as acts of terrorism, as a result of the lack of a universal definition of terrorism. States and military organizations name each other terrorists, since states and military organizations have particular interests such as religious, economical and political power. There are two different ways of thinking, one believe th...

This paper focuses on how leaders in Japan, Russia, and Western countries talk about the “war on terrorism.” The paper discusses the difficulties of defining “terrorism,” because, unlike Marxism or capitalism, “terrorism” is not an ideology. Instead the term may be used to designate actions that are used by members of non-governmental organizations against civilian targets. In the case of the “...

Among the key issues in smokemanagement is predicting themagnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales (local to continental). Over the years a variety of tools have been developed to aid in predicting smoke effects. This ...

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Terrorism and Poverty Byline: Poverty and Terrorism Walter Enders and Gary A. Hoover The fact that most terrorist attacks are staged in low income countries seems to support the notion that poverty causes terrorism. Certainly, economic theory suggests that it would be easier for a terrorist group to recruit low-income or unemployed individuals since they have ...

Terrorism has large social costs that are difficult to quantify for the well-known problems of eliciting people’s preferences for public goods. We use the LSA to assess these costs in utility and monetary terms. Based on combined cross-section time-series data, we estimate the costs of terrorism for France and the British Isles. We find large negative effects of terrorism on life satisfaction t...

In armed internal conflict, violence against civilians is frequent. For insurgent groups, so-called terrorist acts are an important part of conflict with the state and yet there are numerous unanswered questions about the role and uses of terrorism during these conflicts. This paper examines the causes of terrorism in the context of a larger struggle between a state and insurgent groups. In par...

The economic situation in the Arab countries is due to several factors as the political crisis in a socio-economic vulnerability. Political changes are usually accompanied by a drop in production, a deterioration of macroeconomic balances, a high level of poverty, an appearance of economic corruptions and a structural increase in unemployment. In addition, the expansion of terrorism is a main i...

Since 1983 the US Central Intelligence Agency has defined terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Compared to the many dangers facing the US today, the threat of terrorism is relatively small. Nonetheless, at nearly all levels of US society the res...