Wedevelop aBayesian binary ItemResponseModel (IRM),whichwedenote as Test Anxiety Model (TAM), for estimating the proficiency scores when individuals might experience test anxiety. We consider order restricted item parameters conditionally to the examinees’ reported emotional state at the testing session.We consider three test anxiety levels: calm, anxious and very anxious. Using simulated data ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of systematic desensitization (behavioral therapy and cognitive restructuring (cognitive therapy) in reducing high-stakes test anxiety. We hypothesized that cognitive restructuring would be superior to systematic desensitization in reducing the severity of the cognitive symptoms of anxiety, whereas systematic desensitization would be super...

This meta-analysis synthesized the results from test anxiety reduction programs. Analyses were based on 56 studies (n = 2,482); the overall mean effect size (ES) for test anxiety reduction programs was E++ = 0.65 (95 percent confidence intervals [CI] + 0.58 to 0.73). On measures of anxiety reduction, the average individual completing treatment is seen as better off than 74 percent of those indi...

Background and Objectives: Test anxiety can have undesirable consequences for learning and academic achievement. The control-value theory of achievement emotions assumes that test anxiety is experienced if a student appraises an achievement situation as important (value appraisal), but feels that the situation and its outcome are not fully under his or her control (control appraisal). According...

A recurring question in the study of computer anxiety is whether computer anxiety is a relatively stable personality trait or a mutable, temporary state. The two studies reported examined this question in two groups of first year psychology students. These students were requested to complete a computer anxiety test, a trait anxiety test, and a state anxiety test. Some groups were administered t...

Undergraduates (N = 189) rated their test anxiety and emotions immediately before a midterm examination and recalled those feelings 1 week later. Students who learned they had done well on the exam underestimated, and those who learned they had done poorly overestimated, pre-exam test anxiety. Personality traits and emotional states together predicted memory distortion. Specifically, traits pre...

background: anxiety and depression during the pregnancy period are among the factors affecting the pregnancy undesirable outcomes and delivery. one way of controlling anxiety and depression is mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy . the purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of mindfulness based on the islamic-spiritual schemas and group cognitive behavioral therapy on reduc...

BACKGROUND A couple's decision to undergo an invasive test based on a screening test result is a process associated with anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine whether anxiety and prenatal attachment were affected by undergoing an invasive test compared to women in early pregnancy and after a reassuring anomaly scan. METHODS 200 women were recruited at booking, 14 women and 20 partne...