In order to apply game theory to interactions among people, one needs to know what game people are playing, and to know what game people are playing, one needs to know their preferences. If the individuals care only about their own material payoff, it may be easy to know their preferences. But other things matter to people, and to apply or test game theory, some account of what those other thin...

The present research examines evidence for the sentimentalist claim that emotions are the foundation of moral judgment. It considers the psychopath, known for his deficient emotional capacities, as a case study to test intuitions about the emotion’s role in moral judgment. Graham and colleagues (2009) examined moral judgment differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Psychopaths showe...

Did the impartiality of clinical trials play any role in their acceptance as regulatory standards for the safety and efficacy of drugs? According to the standard account of early British trials in the 1930s and 1940s, their impartiality was just rhetorical: the public demanded fair tests and statistical devices such as randomization created an appearance of neutrality. In fact, the design of th...

We propose an architecture based on a hybrid E2E-ERN approach allowing ERN protocols to be inter-operable with current IP-based networks. Without introducing complex operations, the resulting E2E-ERN protocol provides inter and intra protocol fairness and benefits from all ERN advantages when possible. We detail the principle of this novel architecture, called IP-ERN, and show that this archite...

User Fairness aims at fairly distributing the network resources among users, where a user is an entity that can possibly send different flows through different paths. In this paper we first propose a criterion for user fairness based on political economics fairness theory: the User Maxmin Fairness criterion. Then we propose an architecture, User Fair Queuing (UFQ), that provides user maxmin fai...

The paper takes advantage and develops the fundamental Best’s ideas about fairness hierarchy and conspiracies in concurrent systems. Near to the start we characterize liveness with the notion of ∞-fairness. Next we show that the conspiracy-freeness problem is decidable for elementary nets and undecidable for place/transition nets. The main aim of the paper was to put places into work against co...

Fairness is an inherent and fundamental factor of queue service disciplines in a large variety of queueing applications. Service time variability across jobs is an important factor affecting both system performance and scheduling rules (for example, computer systems that prioritize short jobs over long jobs). Service time variability and its effects on mean response times have been studied exte...

Abstract There is growing concern that decision-making informed by machine learning (ML) algorithms may unfairly discriminate based on personal demographic attributes, such as race and gender. Scholars have responded introducing numerous mathematical definitions of fairness to test the algorithm, many which are in conflict with one another. However, these reductionist representations often bear...