background: kisspeptin-gpr54 system stimulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis; dysfunction of the gene encoding the gpr54 receptor causes hypogonadism and infertility. opioid peptides inhibit the reproductive axis. peptide 234 is a gpr54 receptor antagonist and blocks the stimulatory effects of kisspeptin on hpg axis. objectives: interactions of morphine, kisspeptin and peptide 2...

objective(s) the effect of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors has been the subject of some studies. there is evidence that testosterone modulates anxiety via gaba (gama aminobutyric acid) and gabaergic system. the involvement of gabac receptors in those effects of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats was investigated in the present study. materials and methods a group of rats ...

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of testosterone propionate were studied in normal men after a single im dose of 25 mg testosterone propionate-19,19,19-d3. Plasma levels of testosterone propionate-19,19,19-d3, its active metabolite testosterone-19,19,19-d3, and endogenous testosterone were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Testosterone propionate-19,19,19-d3 was gradually tra...

metronidazole and it’s derivatives are drugs that have both antiprotozoal and anti bacterial effect.the reproductive toxicity of metronidazole has been shown in some studies. to investigate the effect of metronidazole on spermatogenesis in adult male rats, this study was designed. eighteen wistar male rats (70-90days old) were randomly divided into three groups. animals in group i (control grou...

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of clinical hypogonadism, based on both symptoms and biochemical available measures of testosterone deficiency, in men with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 355 type 2 diabetic men aged >30 years, total and bioavailable testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, BMI, and waist circumference ...

Neurosteroids are steroids that are produced in the central nervous system (CNS). While progesterone and dehydroepiandostendione (the precursors of testosterone) are among the identified neurosteroids, it is not clear that testosterone could be considered as a neurosteroid. The testosterone synthesis has been demonstrated in the brain of castrated frog, but not in the rat brain. In the present ...

Background: To determine whether men with varicoceles have lower testosterone levels than those without and to ascertain if testosterone levels increase after varicocelectomy and or to determine whether the varicocele grade is related to the degree of improvement in serum testosterone levels after varicocelectomy and also older age is associated with improvements in testosterone after varicocel...

This work investigated the effects of Allium ampeloprasum extract (AME) on testosterone synthesis in TM3 Leydig cells under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. AME showed no increment cell proliferation oxidatively stressed cells. Testosterone level lowered when were treated with H2O2, but increased presence AME. To determine effect biosynthetic pathway, we examined expression pr...

testosterone is believed to play a significant role in spermatogenesis, but its contribution to the process of spermatogenesis is not completely understood. given that extracellular matrix (ecm) facilitates differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) during culture, the present study was conducted to elucidate whether testosterone contribute to the permissive effect of ecm on sscs diffe...