Tetracycline-resistant isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica obtained from various locations in the United States and Canada were studied to determine the distribution of the tet(H) gene. Of the 31 isolates examined, 25 were found to contain the tet(H) gene. Chromosomal or plasmid DNA obtained from those that did not contain the tet(H) gene did not hybridize with probes ...

DNA dioxygenases Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins can catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) of DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and thereby alter the epigenetic state of DNA. The TET family includes TET1, TET2 and TET3 members in mammals. Recently, accumulative research uncovered that TET1-3 occur abundantly in the central nervous system (CNS), and their biological func...

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is a novel DNA modification that is highly enriched in the adult brain and dynamically regulated by neural activity. 5-hmC accumulates across the lifespan; however, the functional relevance of this change in 5-hmC and whether it is necessary for behavioral adaptation have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, although the ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of e...

Lineage-specific and functionally-related genes frequently form conserved clusters or loci in the mammalian genomes. Execution of lineage-specific differentiation programs requires tight coordination between many regulators including Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes catalyzing DNA oxidation. However, role Tet control cell at levels gene is unknown. Epithelial keratin are organized ...

Introduction and objectives: Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic process that in cancer cells maintains metabolism and energy balances, both of which protect malignant cells from stress. Lysosomes are acidic organelles that play a crucial role in degrading intracellular macromolecules and organelles during the final stage of autophagy. Tetrandrine (Tet) is a natural product isolated from ...

BACKGROUND/AIM We evaluated doxycycline-inducible manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD(tet/tet)) mice after 9.25 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) or 20 Gy thoracic irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old MnSOD(tet/tet) or control C57BL/6NHsd mice on or off doxycycline (doxy) in food received 9.25 Gy TBI, were sacrificed at day 19 and bone marrow, brain, esophagus, heart, intestine, ki...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra Moore. Recent studies have suggested that TET can reduce the inflammatory response in microglia, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether TET can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation and clarify its possible mechani...

The widespread use of antibiotics for medical and veterinary purposes has led to an increase of microbial resistance. The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has been studied extensively. However, antibiotics are not only selective for pathogens: they also affect all members of the gut microbiota. These microorganisms may constitute a reservoir of genes carrying resistance to specific ...

DNA methylation is a well-characterized epigenetic modification that plays central roles in mammalian development, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and silencing of retrotransposon elements. Aberrant DNA methylation pattern is a characteristic feature of cancers and associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or repair genes. Ten-eleven-translocation (T...

The TET (Ten-eleven translocation) 1, 2 and 3 proteins have been shown to function as DNA hydroxymethylases in vertebrates and their requirements have been documented extensively. Recently, the Tet proteins have been shown to also hydroxylate 5-methylcytosine in RNA. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmrC) is enriched in messenger RNA but the function of this modification has yet to be elucidated. Beca...