universal vaccination of neonates and children against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has had a tremendous impact on the control of these infectious diseases worldwide. immunization by the triple diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine (dtwp) has been applied in iran for almost 50 years. periodic assessment of immunogenicity of this vaccine is an important aspect of successful m...

Abstract Introduction Localized tetanus is a rare form of that can progress to generalized tetanus. Case In this report, we present case localized in 9-year-old boy who had never been vaccinated against He an interesting clinical presentation and was successfully treated. Discussion This the first reported literature characterized by chest, abdomen back muscles. condition being only trunk witho...

  Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in c igarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people .   Materials and M...

Tetanus is caused by bacteria that enter through an open wound and produce a toxin which then attacks the central nervous system. Sufferers experience muscle spasms followed difficulty swallowing even breathing. especially at risk for babies born with help of traditional birth attendants home non-sterile equipment. They are also when unclean tools used to cut umbilical cord ointments or ashes c...

tetanus can be only prevented by vaccination because immunity against this disease is rarely acquired, even by natural infections. to maintain long-term protective immunity against tetanus, booster immunization is essential for adolescents and adults. most hospitalized cases and virtually all deaths occur in people over 60 years of age. the purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of...

Background: Infection is now the most common cause of morbidity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). There is lack of information regarding the specific antibody forma-tion in response to vaccines in young SLE patients. Objective: To determine the efficacy of anti-tetanus antibody response in young patients with SLE. Methods: Forty SLE pa-tients with mean age of 14.1 years (range: 7-21) and 6...

Introduction: Neonatal tetanus is a highly fatal disease that can be prevented by immunization and improvement in obstetric practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of cases of neonatal tetanus in two large tertiary hospitals (Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals) of Mashhad -North East of Iran between 1984- 2001. Methods: all cases whose epidemiological and clinical c...

background: the predisposing and prognostic factors for neonatal tetanus (nnt) have not been adequately studied in southerniran.   objective: the present study was undertaken in fars province to further clarify the status of neonatal tetanus in this region.   methods : the mortality rate was correlated with demographic and clinical findings in 112 cases of neonatal tetanus.  in addition, the he...

conclusions the findings of the present study show a high level of tetanus antibody among trauma patients in this hospital; so, taking the tetanus vaccine history can be misleading. it is suggested that further studies be performed in different regions of our country and with larger sample sizes and detection of the immunization status of patients by measuring anti-tetanus antibody levels among...