A 50-year-old farmer presented with dysphagia and chest tightness following foot trauma for the last three days. On examination, he had nuchal rigidity, trismus, hypertonia. characteristic ‘Risus Sardonicus’ face was noticed (Figure 1). The patient also developed generalized painful spasms respiratory distress stridor, which an urgent tracheostomy done. Based on clinical presentation, a diagnos...

BACKGROUND Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been implicated as a possible cause of deficient immune function in children. This study was designed to assess whether prenatal and postnatal exposure to PCBs impacts on antibody response to childhood immunizations. METHODS AND FINDINGS Two birth cohorts were formed in the Faroe Islands, where exposures vary widely, be...

Objective(s): Drug delivery via mucosal routes has been confirmed to be effective in inducing strong immune responses. Liposomes could enhance immune responses and mucoadhesive potentials, make them useful mucosal drug delivery systems. Coating of liposomes by mucoadhesive polymers succeeded in enhancing immune responses. Our studies aim at preparation and characterization of trimethylchitosan-...

Tetanus antitoxin in human sera was detected with solid-phase immunoassays in microtitration modules coated with tetanus toxoid by using Eu+ -labeled anti-human monoclonal antibodies on the basis of an exactly calibrated antibody standard. The use of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TR-FIA) significantly improved the quantitative detection of tetanus antitoxin over that of the enzyme-l...

This phase II clinical trial was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a newly developed tetanus-reduced diphtheria (Td) vaccine (GC1107-T5.0 and GC1107-T7.5) and control vaccine. This study was also performed to select the proper dose of tetanus toxoid in the new Td vaccines. Healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 12 yr participated in this study. A total of 130 subjects (44 G...

group with otorrhea (26.3%). The average incubation period – recorded in 78 cases where the information was available – was 13.4 days with maximum deaths observed in cases with incubation period < 7 days. Besides short incubation period, onset of spasms within 24 hours of illness, severe spasms and temperature >99 oF within 24 hours of admission were the factors associated with grave prognosis....

Polysaccharide of 0:9,12 specificity purified from SalmoneUla typhi was conijugated to tetanus toxoid or bovine serum albumin in order to obtain defined antigenic material that would contain 0 chain free of other S. typhi antigens and that would be suitable for characterizing host humoral response to only S. typhi 0-chain antigens. These artificial conjugates were strongly reactive in immunodot...

Antibody production in mice after immunization with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine was investigated. Six lots of the vaccine produced in the same year by six manufacturers in Japan were chosen. Production of IgE antibody specific to either diphtheria or tetanus toxoid varied among vaccine preparations used, although there was no apparent difference in IgG antibody production after i...

Naive CD4+ T cells use L-selectin (CD62L) expression to facilitate immune surveillance. However, the reasons for its expression on a subset of memory CD4+ T cells are unknown. We show that memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD62L were smaller, proliferated well in response to tetanus toxoid, had longer telomeres, and expressed genes and proteins consistent with immune surveillance function. Convers...