BACKGROUND In 1988, WHO estimated around 787,000 newborns deaths due to neonatal tetanus. Despite few success stories majority of the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) are still struggling to reduce neonatal mortality due to neonatal tetanus. We conducted a systematic review to understand the interventions that have had a substantial effect on reducing neonatal mortality rate due to neona...

objective(s): drug delivery via mucosal routes has been confirmed to be effective in inducing strong immune responses. liposomes could enhance immune responses and mucoadhesive potentials, make them useful mucosal drug delivery systems. coating of liposomes by mucoadhesive polymers succeeded in enhancing immune responses. our studies aim at preparation and characterization of trimethylchitosan-...

Neisseria meningitidis group C polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate was prepared to obtain the polysaccharide component in a thymus-dependent form and to preserve the immunogenic properties of the tetanus toxoid component. Biochemical and immunochemical analyses of this conjugate revealed that (i) it was composed of equal amounts of polysaccharide and protein; (ii) the antigenic activity of ...

When an individual has been given one or more injections of tetanus toxoid and, at a later date, is injured and possibly infected with Clostridium tetani, what further precautions should be taken: (1) Administer antitoxin? (2) Give another injection of tetanus toxoid to accelerate the production of antitoxin? (3) Give no further treatment, depending on his present immunity to take care of the i...

Latar belakang: Program imunisasi merupakan salah satu program penting di sektor kesehatan. ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan, kecacatan dan kematian dari penyakit-penyakit terutama penyakit tetanus. Tetanus suatu toksemia akut yang disebabkan oleh neurotoksin dihasilkan Clostridium tetani ditandai dengan spasme otot periodik berat. biasanya menimbulkan paralitik spastik tetanospas...

Neonatal tetanus (NT) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in many parts of the world. Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease and is second only to measles worldwide as a cause of childhood mortality. In this study the various irnrnunoglobulin classes of anti-tetanus antibody in the sera of 105 Iranian women of childbearing age (13-45 years) were titrated by enzyme linked immunosorben...

neonatal tetanus (nt) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in many parts of the world. tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease and is second only to measles worldwide as a cause of childhood mortality. in this study the various irnrnunoglobulin classes of anti-tetanus antibody in the sera of 105 iranian women of childbearing age (13-45 years) were titrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent as...

Although a T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assay is generally recommended as the first-line immune function assay in nonclinical immunotoxicity evaluation, second-line assays such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to measure cell-mediated responses can provide helpful additional information. In this study, male Cynomolgus monkeys were injected intramuscularly either once or twice with...

Currently, there are three Hib conjugate vaccines licensed in Canada for use in infants 2 months of age and older. The Bureau of Biologics recently approved two new vaccine products that allow single-needle administration of (a) polyribose ribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) with diphtheria toxoid-pertussis vaccine-tetanus toxoid-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DPT-IPV), and (b) oligosacch...

tetanus can be only prevented by vaccination because immunity against this disease is rarely acquired, even by natural infections. to maintain long-term protective immunity against tetanus, booster immunization is essential for adolescents and adults. most hospitalized cases and virtually all deaths occur in people over 60 years of age. the purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of...