Kappa-casein (κ-casein) is one of the most abundant milk proteins. Its main function is to avoid the aggregation of casein micelles, keeping them, and therefore calcium phosphate, in pockets in solution. In bovines, a κ-casein functional polymorphism has been associated with fat, calcium, and protein milk contents and faster curd contraction in cheese production. Quicker curd contraction reduce...

Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR is used extensively as a low cost, single PCR assay requiring no post-PCR manipulation. The design of successful primers depends on a number of variables such as melting temperatures, GC content, complementarity and selection of mismatch bases. The optimal selection of primers can be achieved in an automated way using a program which evaluates candidate primers for a given...

BACKGROUND β-thalassemia, a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder, is prevalent in Middle East, particularly in Iran. In Iran, near to 20 mutations in the β-globin gene are introduced as common mutations with varying incidence frequencies in each city. Therefore, detection and screening for couples at high risk can help to solve the problems of this disease. In this study, optimized genotyping...

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) can be a devastating disease impacting women below the age of forty. This involves a major decrease in the amount and quality of oocytes, or ovarian reserve in a woman. The distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs10407022 and rs3741664, in Iraqi people and its association with primary ovarian insufficiency is the main objective of this study. The m...

BACKGROUND The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is a fast and economical means of assaying SNP's, requiring only PCR amplification and subsequent electrophoresis for the determination of genotypes. To improve the throughput and efficiency of T-ARMS-PCR, we combined T-ARMS-PCR with a chimeric primer-based temperature switch PCR (TSP) strategy, and used capil...

BACKGROUND We describe a simple tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) for detecting MUTYH mutations, which are associated with colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. METHODS We designed specific T-ARMS-PCR assays for 6 mutations (Y165C, G382D, 1395_7delGGA, Y90X, 1103delC, and R231H) selected on the basis of the frequency of their occurrence. We also desig...

introduction: osteoprotegerin (opg), a soluble decoy receptor secreted by osteoblasts, binds rank-l, preventing stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. in the present study we aimed to investigate the impact of opg variants and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (all) in a sample of iranian population. methods: this case-control study was done on 98 all and 124 healthy children. ...

Background: The transversion of G to T (G894T) in human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene has profound effects such as male infertility, recurrent miscarriage, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.Objectives: Development of a new Multiplex Tetra-Primer Amplifi cation Refractory Mutation System - Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) for detection of...