conclusions our study demonstrated that tgf-β1 serum levels is higher in osteoporotic postmenopausal females than non-osteoporotic ones, and probably aberrant increase in tgf-β1 in postmenopausal females can result in uncoupled bone resorption and formation, which leads to osteoporosis. background postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity in postmenopausal females. transforming ...

background and purpose: tgf-β is a potent regulator and suppressor of the immune system and overproduction of this cytokine may contribute to immunosuppression in hiv-infected patients. increasing population of immunosuppressed patients has resulted in increasingly frequent of fungal infections, including oral candidiasis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of tgf-β under i...

Background: Several cells of immune system such as regulatory T cells and macrophages secrete transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in response to different stimuli. This cytokine has inhibitory effect on immune system and diminished production of this cytokine is associated with autoimmune disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of opium addiction on serum leve...

background: normal tissue toxicity continues to remain as a major challenge for radiation oncologists for delivering the total dose to the tumour cells in cancer patients. cellular, molecular and plasma based early biomarkers to predict the overreactions and non-overreactions of normal tissue toxicity before the initiation of radiotherapy can be valuable for personalised treatment. the aim of t...

The aim of this study to evaluate the expression Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), TGF- ß, and IL-10 in placental tissue aborted women correlation with Toxoplasma.gondii (T. gondii) these cytokines each other toxoplasmosis, during an abortion. samples have been processed used for immunohistochemistry PDL-1, IL-10, TGF-β. There was increase TGF-β, infected T.gondii, results showed that residence p...

background and aims. the role of cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus (olp) has received much attention. the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of tnf-α and tgf-β in patients with olp in an iranian population. materials and methods. thirty-two patients with olp and 32 age-matched healthy volunteers as a control group were included in this study. serum tests ...

objective(s): yu-ping-feng-san (ypfs) is a classical traditional chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-β1)/smad2 si...