In an era moving towards digital health, 3D printing has successfully proven its applicability in providing personalised medicine through a technology-based approach. Among the different techniques, direct extrusion been demonstrated as promising approach for on demand manufacturing of solid dosage forms. However, it usually requires use elevated temperatures and/or incorporation evaporable sol...

In a double-blind cross-over study, the effects of slow release (S-R) terbutaline tablets (b.i.d. 0.25 mg/kg per day) and S-R theophylline (5.31 mg/kg morning and 10.62 mg/kg evening) were compared in eleven patients with nocturnal asthma. On day seven of each treatment period, drug serum concentrations and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured every 2h over a 24-h period. During daytime, te...

Theophylline enhances the force of diaphragmatic contraction and delays fatigue. The mechanism is not known, but recent evidence suggests it may act at the cell membrane. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of theophylline on resting membrane potential and tension in hamster diaphragm cells. Muscle strips were obtained from five adult hamsters and placed in Krebs solution, aerated wi...

The objective of the present study was to determine if patients with COPD who were taking Theo-Dur bid or tid (total dose 400 to 900 mg per day) could be safely switched to Uni-Dur, 800 mg given qd at bedtime. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study, and 23 completed the study. The mean daily dose of theophylline prior to the study was 828 mg, while the mean dose after three weeks of U...

BACKGROUND Theophylline is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases that, despite exerting bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects, is a third-line therapy rarely used to treat chronic airflow limitation. We wished to evaluate the efficacy of oral theophylline as measured by improvements in trough (pre-dose) or peak (post-dose) FEV1 and FVC in patients with clinically stable COPD. D...

Background—Methylxanthines are often administered to preterm infants for the treatment of apnoea. Aims—To study the eVects of theophylline on energy metabolism, physical activity, and lung mechanics in preterm infants. Methods—Indirect calorimetry was performed for six hours before and after administration of a bolus of theophylline (5 mg/kg) in 18 preterm infants while physical activity was re...

The appropriate esters 1-3 were synthesized by the alkylation of unsubstituted pyrimidin-8-on[2,1-f]theophylline I with ethyl-chloroacetate, ethyl-acrylate and ethyl-4-bromobutyrate. The acids 4-6 were obtained by hydrolysis of the esters 1-3, and transformed into Na salts 4a-6a. Amidation of the ester 1 with 25% ammonia and hydroxylamine led to amide 7 and N-hydroxyamide 8. The bromination of ...

To investigate the additive effect of oral theophylline on combined inhaled anticholinergic agent and p5-agonist therapy, 12 patients with stable COPD (64.6 ± 5.9 years) completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial oforal theophylline for a 4-week period (400 mg for 2 weeks, followed by 600 mg for 2 weeks). All of the patients continued to inhale both salbutamol, 200 ...

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of theophylline and acetazolamide in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after fast ascent to high altitude (3,454 m). The study was conducted at a high-altitude research laboratory and included 30 healthy male volunteers. Study medication was either oral slow release theophylline (2x250 mg ...

BACKGROUND Methylxanthines are often administered to preterm infants for the treatment of apnoea. AIMS To study the effects of theophylline on energy metabolism, physical activity, and lung mechanics in preterm infants. METHODS Indirect calorimetry was performed for six hours before and after administration of a bolus of theophylline (5 mg/kg) in 18 preterm infants while physical activity w...