Surface reflectivity effects on coherent backscattering have been studied by using variable-reflectivity mirrors at the sample surface. Photon-transport parameters obtained from coherent backscattering were found to be significantly improved by using current theoretical models for samples with high surface reflectivity.

Advances in experimental techniques and in theoretical models have improved our understanding of protein crystallization. However, they have also left open questions regarding the protein phase behavior and self-assembly kinetics, such as why (nearly) identical crystallization conditions can sometimes result in the formation of different crystal forms. Here, we develop a patchy particle model w...

Ethnic German Immigration from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union to Germany: the Effects of Migrant Networks This paper employed a widely accepted theoretical concept, the ‘theory of migrant networks’ to look at the recent immigration and absorption experience of ethnic Germans (Aussiedler) from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union in Germany. Consistent with network theory, the ...

This paper proposes a theoretical concept of cross cultural discursive competence (CCDC). As an initial step, it reviews and critiques a series of in the relevant areas of intercultural communication, genre analysis and contrastive rhetoric and points out that it is imperative to explore what CCDC is composed of. In addition, we also need to strengthen cross-cultural genre study in the light of...

In this paper we present general theoretical models to improve the coordination between team members. We apply these models for passing, a coordination problem in soccer, and demonstrate the usefulness of these models. For the improvement of the team a trainer has been used to extract good passing behavior out of a set of games. The trainer improves this behavior and gives advice for the agents...

In this paper, I consider theoretical models of the decay via photobleaching of a sample of surface-immobilized fluorescent molecules excited by a spatially varying laser intensity profile. I show that, with mild restrictions on the photobleaching mechanism, the fluorescence decay measured in a nonuniform excitation profile is always nonexponential. Under the same conditions, the fluorescence d...

The concept of Fuzzy-random-variable was introduced as an analogous notion to randomvariable in order to extend statistical analysis to situations when the outcomes of some random experiment are fuzzy sets. But in contrary to the classical statistical methods no unique definition has been established yet. In this paper a set-theoretical concept of fuzzy-random-variable will be presented. This n...

The paper conceptualizes ways to approach meaning, purpose, and components of tools to measure the digital divide. Three arguments are raised in this paper. First, I raise criticism of policymakers who prefer to approach the digital divide from a cost and rapid outputs perspectives, at the expense of a thoughtful analysis of: (i) the purpose of the tool, (ii) the level of observation, and (iii)...

This essay explores a conceptual definition of psychological processes. Previous researchers from the fields of psychology and neuroscience have noted that improving the definition of psychological processes may be extremely useful to help current efforts to map the neurobiological basis of psychological phenomena. in this essay i suggest a conceptual path in which psychological processes might...

This conceptual paper introduces the Theory of Dialogical Self to the career development literature. The life themes component of the Theory of Career Construction is the focus of application for dialogical self. It is proposed that the notion of dialogical self may contribute to understanding how individuals construct the career-related life themes. Dialogical self is thus presented as a promi...