MEMS mirrors have a wide range of applications, most which require large field-of-view (FOV). Immersing in liquid is an effective way to improve the FOV. However, increased viscosity, convective heat transfer and thermal conductivity greatly affect dynamic behaviors electrothermally actuated micromirrors. In this paper, complex interactions among multiple energy domains, including electrical, t...

Femtosecond laser micromachining is becoming an established technique for the fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures in glass. The combination writing and chemical etching increases versatility by allowing hollow within bulk material. possibility to encompass both optical fluidic components a single substrate allows us realize optofluidic devices usable several application fields. ...

Modern microfabrication and microfluidic technologies offer new opportunities in the design and fabrication of miniaturized cell culture systems for online monitoring of living cells. We used laser micromachining and thermal bonding to fabricate an optically transparent, low-cost polymeric chip for long-term online cell culture observation under controlled conditions. The chip incorporated a mi...

Intrinsic optical signals, evoked by neural activity, provide an essentially noninvasive means of monitoring the organization of brain circuitry. A new study by Gurden et al. in this issue of Neuron reveals a surprising role of astrocyte glutamate transporters in generating these signals.

The axiomatic approach to parallel transport theory is partially discussed. Bijective correspondences between the sets of connections, (axiomatically defined) parallel transports and transports along paths satisfying some additional conditions are constructed. In particular, the equivalence between the concepts “connection” and “(axiomatically defined) parallel transport” is established. Bozhid...

Abstract We investigate the exchange of mass in a binary system as channel through which Be star can receive rapid rotation. The mass-transfer phase massive close Hertzsprung-gap is accompanied by spinning up accreting component. consider case when component increases 1.5 times. acquires and angular momentum while state critical 50 Meridional circulation effectively transports inside during the...

pictures above are of purified intracellular transport vesicles. Each has a 'COP II' membrane coat made up of Sec proteins (first identified for their function in secretion from yeast cells). The vesicles transport secretory and membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex in yeast, and homologous COP II components have been identified in plants and in mammalian cells. ...