We conducted a three-dimensional numerical simulation of bioconvection generated by oxygen-reactive chemotactic bacteria. This study investigated the patterns, interference between plumes, and wavelength patterns. In addition, we clarified transport characteristics cells oxygen in bioconvection. Multiple plumes occur suspension, is formed around with vortex rings arising plumes. Even if at high...

A general framework for the thermodynamics of open systems is presented. The theory is fundamentally based on the generalized balance of mass, which is enhanced by additional surface-°ux and volume-source terms. The presentation highlights the in°uence of the enhanced mass balance on the remaining balance equations. To clarify the impact of the variable reference density, we introduce the notio...

In this paper we develop a new generic model for phototaxis in a suspension of microscopic swimming algae. Phototaxis is a directed swimming response dependent upon the light conditions sensed by the microorganisms. Positive phototaxis consists of motions directed toward the source of illumination and negative phototaxis is motion directed away from it. The model also incorporates the effect of...

The bio-thermal convection in a rotating layer of porous medium saturated with Newtonian fluid gyrotactic microorganisms is studied on the basis Darcy–Brinkman model. A linear analysis carried out using Galerkin method for rigid-rigid boundary conditions. In stationary regime, we obtained dispersion equation relation between thermal Rayleigh–Darcy number and bioconvection. influence Peclet numb...

Gravitactic bioconvective patterns created by Tetrahymena pyriformis in a Hele-Shaw apparatus were realized and compared with theoretical results. There were found to be two thresholds for bio-convection development: the first indicates the transition from the diffusion to the steady convection state; the second corresponds to the transition from the steady to the unsteady convection state. The...

Thermal energy management associated with the transmission of heat is one main problems in many industrial setups (e.g. pharmaceutical, chemical and food) bio-engineering devices hospital ventilation, heating, cooling devices, exchanger drying food, etc). The current study aims to examine thermo-bioconvection oxytactic microorganisms taking place a nanofluid-saturated needle magnetic field. Ste...

The non-linear structure of deep, stochastic, gyrotactic bioconvection is explored. A linear analysis is reviewed and a weakly non-linear analysis justifies its application by revealing the supercritical nature of the bifurcation. An asymptotic expansion is used to derive systems of partial differential equations for long plume structures which vary slowly with depth. Steady state and travellin...

In this numerical study, the effect of quartic autocatalysis type chemical reaction, buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon magnetic on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface a paraboloid has been studied. By considering Buongiorno model approach, diffusion unequal coefficients in presence gyrotactic microorganism is discussed. Implementation microorganism's idea...