In situ observations of biophysical interactions in natural waters typically focus on physical mechanisms influencing biological activity. Yet, activity can also drive processes aquatic environments. A community photoautotrophic, motile and heavy bacteria—Chromatium okenii, which requires light, sulfide, anoxic conditions to perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, accumulates below the chemocline me...

Using the general theory developed by the author in the previous paper, the problems of thermophoresis and diffusio-phoresis have been examined with a view to elucidating the effect of a general gas-surface scattering law on the associated forces. It is found that, in thermo-phoresis, there exists a close coupling between the first anisotropic moment of the gas-surface scattering law and the so...

A model for the simulation of gas flow in clayey rocks and clays is described. Gas migration is associated with the development of preferential paths along existing or pressure-dependent discontinuities. The model handles the combined phenomena of two-phase (air and liquid) flow and the generation of discrete paths. Aperture of discrete paths is the main variable to account for permeability and...

The Neogene eolian deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are one of the most useful continental deposits for understanding climatic changes. To decipher Late Neogene paleoclimatic changes in the CLP, we present a terrestrial mollusk record spanning the time interval between 7.1 and 3.5 Ma from the western CLP. The results indicate four stages of paleoclimatic evolution: From 7.1 to 6.2 Ma...

Mitochondria generate most of the heat in endotherms. Given some impedance of heat transfer across protein-rich bioenergetic membranes, mitochondria must operate at a higher temperature than body temperature in mammals and birds. But exactly how much hotter has been controversial, with physical calculations suggesting that maximal heat gradients across cells could not be greater than 10-5 K. Us...

We explore how the inclusion of an anti-trapping current within a phase-field model of coupled thermo-solutal growth formulated in the thin interface limit actually affects the observed levels of solute trapping during dendritic growth. The problem is made computational tractable by the use of advanced numerical techniques including local mesh adaptivity, implicit temporal discreteization and a...

i. Thermo-physiological comfort: achieving a comfortable thermal and humid condition in which the thermo-regulating capacity, the thermal insulation and the moisture-regulating capacity of the garment are considered as a function of environmental conditions (climate) and the working conditions (level of effort). Thermo-physiological comfort is strongly affected by the fabric, the style and the ...

PURPOSE The current study examines the effect of fever-range hyperthermia and mild hypothermia on human cancer cells focusing on cell viability, proliferation and HSP90 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 and H1299 lung carcinoma, MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma, U87MG and T98G glioblastoma, DU145 and PC3 prostate carcinoma and MRC5 normal fetal lung fibroblasts cell lines were studied. After 3...