A measurement of the thickness of subcutaneous skinfolds has been widely used as an index of body fat. Edwards et al. (1955) investigated the design and accuracy of skinfold calipers and made a number of recommendations for their construction which were incorporated in the Harpenden skinfold calipers. They found that the precision of the Harpenden skinfold calipers was adequate and that the dif...

There are several ways to measure fatness and obesity, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The primary measure for tracking the prevalence of obesity has historically been body mass index (BMI). This paper compares long-run trends in the prevalence of obesity when obesity is defined using skinfold thickness instead of BMI, using data from the full series of U.S. National Health Examinat...

A convex body R in a normed d-dimensional space M is called reduced if the M-thickness ∆(K) of each convex body K ⊂ R different from R is smaller than ∆(R). We present two characterizations of reduced polytopes in M. One of them is that a convex polytope P ⊂ M is reduced if and only if through every vertex v of P a hyperplane strictly supporting P passes such that the M-width of P in the perpen...

We consider the reduced model proposed in [3] which is consistent with the prior works [1] and [4] and is valid for sufficiently large and thin ferromagnetic samples. Let ω ⊆ R denote a bounded Lipschitz domain with diameter l = 1. This domain represents our ferromagnetic sample Ω = ω × [0, t], whose thickness t > 0 is neglected for simplicity. Here, we consider a uniaxial material with in-plan...

where ~ = (Kp/rR ) '~ is the weighted nongreyness, K p and r R are the Planck mean and the Rosseland mean of the absorption coefficient, r = rM6 K is optical thickness, r M = (rprR)'/~ the mean absorption, 8 K the conduction flame thickness, P = 4o TM3/(~5 K) the Planck number, T M the adiabatic flame temperature, ~ the thermal conductivity, and w the albedo, the ratio of scattering to extinction.

Generalization of Mantel-Haenszel procedure for 2 x J (J > 2) tables is reviewed. Included are generalized Mantel-Haenszel tests, estimators for a common odds ratio, and generalized Breslow-Day test for the homogeneity of odds ratios across the strata.-Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 8): 57-60 (1994)

OBJECTIVE To assess secular trends in menarcheal age between 1973 and 1994 and to determine whether childhood levels of height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses can account for racial (white/black) differences in menarcheal age. METHODS Data from 7 cross-sectional examinations of school-aged children, with menarcheal age obtained through interviews, were used for both cross-sectional (11 218 ...

Blood pressure levels, anthropometric parameters, and dietary intakes were assessed in 1981 and 1983 in a population of black (n = 236) and white (n = 296) adolescent girls, aged 14 and 16 years in 1983. The 14-year-old black girls exhibited significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than whites in both years. Body weight and Quetelet index were more strongly associated wi...

The Delboeuf concentric circle illusion is frequently invoked as an explanation for the hypothesized association between dinner plate size and overeating. We examined its association with adiposity among 162 girls, aged 14-18 years. We also examined the association of adiposity with neural and behavioral responses during a separate visual discrimination task. The analysis showed that girls with...