PURPOSE To investigate the effect of hinge width on corneal sensation and dry-eye syndrome after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING TLC Laser Eye Center, Garden City, New York, USA. METHODS Fifty-four patients at least 18 years of age had bilateral LASIK with a narrow nasal hinge microkeratome flap in 1 eye and a wider nasal hinge microkeratome flap in the other eye. In all eyes,...

The traditional echo state network (ESN) is a special type of a temporally deep model, the recurrent network (RNN), which carefully designs the recurrent matrix and fixes both the recurrent and input matrices in the RNN. The ESN also adopts the linear output (or readout) units to simplify the leanring of the only output matrix in the RNN. In this paper, we devise a special technique that takes ...

© 2009 Stephen Finlay S ince its publication in 1979, Bernard Williams’ “Internal and External Reasons”1 has been one of the most influential and widely discussed papers in ethics. I suggest here that the paper’s argument has nevertheless been universally misunderstood.2 On the standard interpretations, his argument — which he subsequently elaborated and de...

Although object-orientation has been around for several decades, its key concept abstraction has not been exploited for proper application of object-orientation in other phases of software development than the implementation phase. We mention some issues that lead to a lot of confusion and obscurity with object-orientation and its application in software development. We describe object-orientat...

This Special Issue of BioSystems is devoted to clarifying the concept, and to showing how it’s being used in various examples of empirical research. Given the obscurity that still attends the concept, however, we shouldn’t expect to find that all the ’clarifications’ are equivalent--or even mutually consistent. Similarly, we shouldn’t expect to find that the notion is applied identically in all...

Fires burning the vast grasslands and savannas of Africa significantly influence the global carbon cycle. Projecting the impacts of future climate change on fire-mediated biogeochemical processes in these dry tropical ecosystems requires understanding of how various climate factors influence regional fire regimes. To examine climate-vegetation-fire linkages in dry savanna, we conducted macrosco...

Abstract Quick sterilization using dry ozonation technology had been developed to destroy total pathogenic microorganism contamination in Spirulina powder effectively. This is safe and environmentally friendly, with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) water (H O) as output. applications are easy inexpensive but provide results that meet the quality standards of pharmaceutical preparations according governme...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dry eye on work productivity of office workers, especially in terms of presenteeism. METHODS A total of 396 individuals aged ≥20 years (258 men and 138 women, mean age 43.4 ± 13.0 years) were recruited through an online survey. Data from 355 responders who did not have missing values were included in the analysis. They were cl...