A method for the identification of three ixodid tick species; the cow tick (Boophilus annulatus), the camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii) and the cattle tick (Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum) based on restriction enzyme analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) in the nuclear ribosomal DNA was adopted. PCR products with MW 1375 bp, 1650 bp and 1835 bp from B. annulatus, H. dromedari...

Although there are very few reports of human anaphylaxis induced by tick bites, two such cases have recently been seen in Salamanca, Spain. To identify the tick species responsible, salivary-gland extracts from six species of hard tick and two of soft tick were prepared and used as allergens/antigens in skin-prick tests and serological analyses. For each case, the results of the skin tests were...

Emerging and re-emerging diseases transmitted by blood feeding arthropods are significant global public health problems. Ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogenic microorganisms of any blood feeding arthropod. Infectious agents transmitted by ticks are delivered to the vertebrate host together with saliva at the bite site. Tick salivary glands produce complex cocktails of bioactive mole...

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is a major threat to the improvement of cattle production in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. Bos indicus cattle are naturally more resistant to infestation with the cattle tick than are Bos taurus breeds, although considerable variation in resistance occurs within and between breeds. It is not known which genes contribute to th...

INTRODUCTION We used modern error theory to develop a tick-box admission form for emergency surgical patients. The tick boxes were designed to actively direct care down appropriate clinical algorithms by encouraging staff to make decisions based on recorded clinical data. OBJECTIVE To audit the effect of these tick-box forms on the quality of documentation and of the resuscitation process. ...

Ticks are important vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance worldwide. In spite of their economic importance, our current knowledge about the factors affecting tick prevalence and abundance in tropical and subtropical regions is rather limited. Both abiotic (e.g. temperature) as well as biotic variables (e.g. host sex) have been identified as key determinants of distributions....

Ticks are vectors of pathogens which are important both with respect to human health and economically. They have a complex life cycle requiring several blood meals throughout their life. These blood meals take place on different individual hosts and potentially on different host species. Their life cycle is also dependent on environmental conditions such as the temperature and habitat type. Mat...

In July 2016, the first autochthonous case of tick-borne encephalitis was diagnosed in the Netherlands, five days after a report that tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) had been found in Dutch ticks. A person in their 60s without recent travel history suffered from neurological symptoms after a tick bite. TBEV serology was positive and the tick was positive in TBEV qRT-PCR. TBEV infection sho...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is one of the most geographically widespread arboviruses and causes a severe hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. The virus circulates in nature in a vertebrate-tick cycle and ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the main vectors and reservoirs. Although the tick vector plays a central role in the maintenance and transmission of CCHFV in nature, comparatively...

Increased competition during the last two decades forces organizers of financial exchanges to reconsider the optimality of their design. One feature of an exchange is the tick rule it employs. During the last decade, reduction in tick size has been a common practice. This study examines an emerging market that represents a polar case because of its apparently large tick size relative to stock p...