Managers often face difficulties when making project decisions that involve large number of interrelated activities – the planning and scheduling of which is project management. Most problems often arise in areas such as product development, production planning and control and setting up the production facilities. One important aspect of project management is activity crashing, i.e. reducing th...

An important design issue in distributed data processing systems is to determine optimal data distribution. The problem requires a tradeoff between time and cost. For instance, quick response time conflicts with low cost. The paper addresses the data distribution problem in this conflicting environment. A formulation of the problem as a non-linear program is developed. An algorithm employing a ...

We consider the problem of allocating resources to projects performed under given due dates and stochastic time–cost tradeoff settings. In particular, we show how to implement a state-of-the-art methodology known as “robust optimization” to solve the problem. In contrast to conventional approaches, the model we develop results in management policies rather than optimal values for the original d...

Distinguishability plays a major role in quantum and statistical physics. When particles are identical their wave function must be either symmetric or antisymmetric under permutations the number of microscopic states, which determines entropy, is counted up to permutations. distinguishable, wavefunctions have no symmetry each permutation different microstate. This binary discontinuous classific...