one of the fundamental principles of jurisprudential deduction is wisdom. if islamic command are not found in holy book and traditions, or there is no consensus, religious perception can be inferred through wisdom. wisdom is like an inner prophet. in the era of occultation a jurist or a religious leader can render an appropriate sentence (verdict) on the basis of collective and individual crite...

The search for a plant maintenance strategy to mitigate the impact of random factory machine failures has never been more challenging. Apart from harsh global competition, manufacturing facilities have become sophisticated and expensive; frequent prolonged breakdowns may ruin firm’s business. Consequently, many turned Preventive Maintenance (PM) solution. However, efficacy PM shown depend on fi...

In the classical inventory it is assumed that all the costs associated with the inventory system remains constant over time. Since most decision makers think that the inflation does not have significant influence on the inventory policy and most of the inventory models developed so far does not include inflation and time value of money as parameters of the system. But due to large scale of infl...

Fuzzy set has been applied in many real applications to handle uncertainty. The aim of the paper is to study the replacement problem with uncertainty. This problem involves capital cost, scrap value or salvage value, maintenance cost or operating cost, and rate of interest having an imprecise value. Here, we assume the imprecise values as positive trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Moreover, we conside...

Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) are an attractive alternative for those seeking integrated single-site, multi-stage retirement living solutions. CCRCs vary significantly in contractual terms with the most comprehensive being “Type-A”. Under such contracts, a potential resident pays a substantial up-front entrance fee which then guarantees capped expenses over the long-term if the...

In this paper, Economic Order Quantity ( ) based model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with imperfect quality, permissible delay in payments and inflation is proposed. We adopt a time-dependent demand function. Also, the effects of time value of money are studied using the Discounted Cash Flow approach. Moreover, we assume that orders may contain a random proportion of defective items...

The items that incur a gradual loss in quality or quantity over time while in inventory are usually called deteriorating items. In reality, there are some items whose value or utility or quantity increase with time and those items can be termed as ameliorating items. In this paper, an effort has been made to incorporate these two opposite physical characteristics of stored items into inventory ...