This paper examines the issue of handling outputs in DEA that occur at different stages in time. In some situations, the output set occur at the different period of time, meaning that the produced outputs at the first period of time impact on the production of outputs of next time . This problem setting gives rise to the phenomenon of time-staged outputs. Specifically, the two outputs occur at ...

Staged programming languages assign a stage to each program expression and evaluate each expression in its assigned stage. A common use of staged languages is to describe programs where inputs arrive at different times or rates. In this paper we present an algorithm for statically splitting these mixed-staged programs into two unstaged, but dependent, programs where the outputs of the first pro...

The existing testing theories for CSP cater verification of interaction patterns (traces) and deadlocks, but not time. We address here refinement based on a dialect CSP, called tock -CSP, which can capture discrete time properties. This version has been widespread interest decades; recently, it given denotational semantics, model checking become possible using well established tool. Here, we fi...

A staged computation is a computation organized in a cascade of stages: each stage produces code for its successive stage; the final stage produces the desired output. An off-line procedure called binding time analysis (BTA) is often used to pre-convert unstaged code into staged code, i.e., code annotated with stage labels, which can guide online staged computation. For dynamic re-optimization ...

This study proposes a three-staged approach to data envelopment analysis (DEA) modeling for hospital efficiency. The aims overcome the constraint on number of inputs/outputs relative DMUs. Initially, principal components all inputs and outputs are determined using component (PCA). Next, these enter factor (FA) process construct two-level hierarchy establish weighting scheme based explained vari...

Small traders face risk and uncertainty in carrying out their business activities. On the basis of a large-scale survey on iafermal seda trnde in Central Java, Indonesia, the economic conditions of the informal trade sector and risk avoidance strategies of traders are analyzed. In particular, petty traders have to solve ‘the traders dilemma” by extracting themselves from the moral obligations d...

In this paper, an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for a deteriorating item is developed with the following characteristics: (i) The demand rate is deterministic and two-staged, i.e., it is constant in first part of the cycle and linear function of time in the second part. (ii) Deterioration rate is time-proportional. (iii) Shortages are not allowed to occur. The o...

Emerging trends towards performance-asymmetric multicore processors (AMPs) are posing new challenges, because for effective utilization of AMPs, code sections of a program must be assigned to cores such that the resource needs of the code sections closely match the resources available at the assigned core. Computing this assignment can be difficult especially in the presence of unknown or many ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The patients with synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer might get long-term survival after liver resection. But the optimal timing of surgery is undefined. This study was to explore the treatment strategy for synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. METHODS From 1995 to 2005, 83 patients with synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer ...