Pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential sensors implicated in the early and efficient innate immune response against pathogens. We have previously demonstrated that leukotriene B(4)(LTB(4)) has the capacity to enhance leukocyte responses to TLR9 ligands and to control viral infection. In this report, we provide evidence that LTB(4) treatment of human neutr...

This work presents the effects of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) of rice bran on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the potential pathway through which the effects are mediated. We found that FOs induced phenotypic maturation of DCs, as shown by the increased expression of CD40, CD80/CD86 and MHC-I/II molecules. FOs efficiently induced maturation of DCs generated from C...

fructose exclusively caused the restoration of the significantly increased levels of these two parameters. These results clearly suggest that the presence of TLR-4 is essential to explain liver damage, body weight gain, and ALT impairment due to the fructose intake. Furthermore, the authors found that plasma endotoxin levels were significantly increased both in wild-type and mutant mice fed chr...

PURPOSE To identify the distribution, differential Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and functional contribution of monocyte subpopulations in the inflammatory stage of Eales' disease (ED). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from nine patients during the inflammatory stage of ED and nine age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The expression of CD14, CD16, TLR-2, and T...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by pulmonary and systemic inflammation which flare-up during episodes of acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Given the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the induction of inflammatory responses we investigated the involvement of TLRs in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS The expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD14 in monocytes was analy...