Light is essential for normal plant growth and development not only as a source of energy but also as a stimulus that regulates numerous developmental and metabolic processes. The plant’s responses are varied and complex and dependent upon the quality and quantity of ambient light. The initial requirement for light is as a signal for germination in many plant species. After germination in compl...

The paper focuses on international tax proposals and analyzes rationales challenges for adopting a com-pound global tax. It is proposed here that such compound instrument would mainly need to focus two tiers. one, based the U.S. President Joe Biden?s 2021 suggestion, close off avoidance evasion possibilities large multinational transnational corporations; other, James Tobin?s 1972-tax proposal,...

This paper aims to explain the long-run determinants of euro area FDI to the United States during the period 1980-2001. The theoretical model developed in this paper incorporates the traditional FDI model based on the OLI-framework into the Tobin’s Q-model of investment. The model is estimated using the fixed effects panel estimator, with the euro area proxied by a panel involving most of the e...

The study focuses on whether the Corporate Governance characteristics influence firm performance of Non-Financial Firms in Pakistan. In this study, three types industries like pharmaceutical, cement, and food were analyzed from Pakistan Stock Exchange for period 2010 to 2019. authors used diagnostic test data that argued model is better, fixed effect or random-effect analysis. Multiple regressi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extubation process in bed-ridden elderly intensive care patients receiving inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and identify predictors of successful weaning. METHODS Twenty-eight elderly intubated patients in an intensive care unit were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 14) that received conventional physiotherapy plus IMT w...

This paper provides a non-steady state general equilibrium foundation for the transactions demand for money going back to Baumol (1952) and Tobin (1956). In our economy, money competes against real capital as a store of value. We prove existence of a monetary general equilibrium in which both real capital and at money are voluntarily held over time. The demand for money is generated by xed tran...

To study the impact of stochastic interest rates and capital illiquidity on investment and firm value, we incorporate a widely-used arbitrage-free term structure model of interest rates into a standard q-theoretic framework. Our generalized q model informs us to use corporate credit-risk information to predict investments when empirical measurement issues of Tobin’s average q are significant (e...