A case report is presented of an axillary plexus blockade following a second toe-to-hand transfer. After completion of the microvascular anastomoses and restoration of blood flow to the transplanted toe, the axillary plexus blockade was started. Together with the vasodilation of the hand and forearm there was a marked drop in blood flow in the transplanted toe. Possible explanations for this ph...

hallux valgus or the lateral deviation of the great toe is a complex disease. if it is not treated, it will cause the deviation of other toes. hallux valgus is three times more common in females and may cause uncomfortable deformity of the foot, problems in putting on unsuitable and narrow toe box shoes, and pain on the medial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint; therefore, patients see...

Amphibians have invaded arboreal habitats multiple times independently during their evolution. Adaptation to these habitats was nearly always accompanied by the presence or appearance of toe pads, flattened enlargements on tips of fingers and toes that provide adhesive power in these environments. The strength and elasticity of the toe pad relies on polygonal arrayed cells ending in nanoscale p...

Introduction In 2000, Westmead Hospital Department of Anaesthesia made a survey of the use of intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by cardiac surgical units throughout Australia. At that time, 80% of cardiac units were using intraoperative TOE, of which the anaesthetist was primarily responsible for the interpretation in 72%. Were we to conduct the same survey in 2009, I belie...

A 79-year-old man, with history of HTN, CAD and dyslipidemia, presented with two-week history of painful toes that started as ‘purple’ discoloration on the left side then extended to involve most of his toes bilaterally. Two months prior to this presentation, he sustained a left internal capsule stroke along with concomitant worsening of kidney function. One month later, a change in the mental ...

[Purpose] To test the hypothesis that toe grasping strength is associated with daily physical activity in older adults. [Subjects] Fifty-seven Japanese women, aged 52-78 years, volunteered. [Methods] Toe grasping and knee extension strength were measured. Physical activity was also measured, using an accelerometer, and the total duration of each level of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and...

Objective: To correlate clinical risk factors for thromboembolism with transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) markers of a thrombogenic milieu. Design: Clinical risk factors for thromboembolism and TOE markers of a thrombogenic milieu were assessed in consecutive patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. The following TOE parameters were assessed: presence of spontaneous echo contrast, ...

The purpose of this study was to use muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulations to quantify individual muscle contributions to body support (vertical ground reaction force) and propulsion (horizontal ground reaction force) and the mechanical energetics of the body segments during toe and heel-toe walking performed by able-bodied subjects to identify possible compensatory mechanisms necessary t...