In the Remember-Know paradigm whether a Know response is defined as a high-confidence state of certainty or a low-confidence state based on familiarity varies across researchers and can influence participants' responses. The current experiment was designed to explore differences between the states of Know and Familiar. Participants studied others' justification statements to "Know" recognition ...

Though associative recognition memory is thought to rely primarily on recollection, recent research indicates that familiarity might also make a substantial contribution when to-be-learned items are integrated into a coherent structure by means of an existing semantic relation. It remains unclear how different types of semantic relations, such as categorical (e.g., dancer-singer) and thematic (...

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 382 Fitzpatrick Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, [email protected] Abstract  Safety-critical software is a core topic in courses on “ethics and computing” or “computers and society,” as well as in software engineering courses. The Reagan-era Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was the focus of a great deal of technical arg...

In the experiment described in this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a document-independent technique for eliciting additional information from searchers about their information problems. We propose that such a technique can be used to elicit terms for use in query expansion and as a follow-up when ambiguous queries are initially posed by searchers. We use a clarification form to obta...

From a phenomenological perspective, faces are perceived differently from objects as their perception always involves the possibility of a relational engagement (Bredlau, 2011). This is especially true for familiar faces, i.e., faces of people with a history of real relational engagements. Similarly, valence of emotional expressions assumes a key role, as they define the sense and direction of ...

Citation: Brocher A and Graf T (2017) Response: Commentary: Pupil old/new effects reflect stimulus encoding and decoding in short-term memory. Research on recognition memory has a long tradition in ERPs (see Yonelinas, 2002; Vilberg and Rugg, 2008 for reviews). One assumption is that recognition memory involves two distinct processes: familiarity and recollection. Familiarity refers to the feel...

Here, we utilized the study-test paradigm combined with recognition confidence assessment and behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measurements to investigate the effects of valence and arousal on the different subtypes of the old-new effect. We also test the effect of valence and arousal at encoding stage to investigate the underlying mechanism of the effect of the two emotional dimens...

In many group-living animals, within-group associations are determined by familiarity, i.e. familiar individuals, independent of genetic relatedness, preferentially associate with each other. The ultimate causes of this behaviour are poorly understood and rigorous documentation of its adaptive significance is scarce. Limited attention theory states that focusing on a given task has interrelated...

The dual-process theory of recognition memory posits that recognition is supported by two separable processes: familiarity and recollection. Familiarity is the feeling of previously encountering something, without retrieval of contextual information about that encounter, whereas recollection refers to additional retrieval of contextual details (Yonelinas, 2002). While it is generally agreed tha...

Prior event-related potential studies using group statistics within a priori selected time windows have yielded conflicting results about familiarity effects in face processing. Our goal was to evaluate the temporal dynamics of the familiarity effect at all time points at the single-subject level. Ten subjects were shown faces of anonymous people or celebrities. Individual results were analysed...