The fluoride ion (F) is the ionic form of the element fluorine, one of the halogen group of elements, and one of the most abundant elements found in nature. F is unique in the halogen group in terms of its affinity towards mineralized tissues and is known as a seeker of mineralized tissues. A beneficial role for topical F in the treatment of dental caries is widely accepted by many dental profe...

BACKGROUND Topical administration of ketoprofen to treat local subcutaneous pain significantly reduces gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with oral delivery. However, this benefit must be weighed against the risk of photosensitisation/phototoxicity. OBJECTIVE To substantiate the safety and efficacy of topical ketoprofen delivery from a patch. METHODS Experiments ...

BACKGROUND Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) use either nasal delivery (nasal drop or nasal spray) or sinus delivery (sinus catheter or sinus irrigation) in patients with or without sinus surgery. This influences topical drug delivery and distribution. The effect of these factors on the published res...

A simple working definition of this term'Gel' is a soft, durable or solid material,containing both solids and liquid parts, where the part(gelator) exists as amesh / network aggregates, viz immobilize part liquid,a strong prevents from leaking flow, especially by local pressure. The gel called hydrogel Organogel depending on type component: water in living solvent organogels .Organogels have be...