Abstract This study examines the use of various types disposal constructions in Chenghai dialect Chaoshan Southern Min. Based on distinction between head-marking and dependent-marking grammar, we identify four constructions, depending position marker. We performed fruit cart task to elicit from 30 native speakers this dialect. Our results indicate that zero-marking is most dominant construction...

Previous work has shown that high quality phrasal paraphrases can be extracted from bilingual parallel corpora. However, it is not clear whether bitexts are an appropriate resource for extracting more sophisticated sentential paraphrases, which are more obviously learnable from monolingual parallel corpora. We extend bilingual paraphrase extraction to syntactic paraphrases and demonstrate its a...

This document describes a sizable grammar of English written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system. This report and the grammar described herein supersedes the TAG grammar described in an earlier 1995 XTAG technical report. The English grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism which has been extended to include lexicalization, and unification-bas...

This paper aims to present the methodology and guidelines for annotation in CKIP Chinese Treebank. Under the framework of the Information-based Case grammar (ICG), a lexical feature-based grammar formalism, which stipulates each lexical item containing both syntactic and semantic information, the potential phrasal heads of input are located and the semantic relations between words are also iden...

topicalization and focus movement have been discussed in literature with respect to a vriety of their properties. in persian, syntactic objects within tense phrase, including phrasal arguments, may freely be displaced to a higher position and the reordering of these elements is mainly considered to be the result of discourse functional elements such as topic and focus. the present study is an e...

This paper presents an off-line study consisting of five questionnaires in which we observed interpretational preferences for ambiguous intra-sentential pronouns in parallel structures in German and French. We tested the influence of information structural factors, in particular, we compared the effects of topicalizing versus focusing potential antecedents of the ambiguous pronoun. Results repl...

I claim in this article that several operators in different positions interact to yield the meaning of a nur sentence in German which may receive an evaluative interpretation such as Paul aß nur Kekse ʻPaul only ate cookies (and the speaker considers this little and/or bad)ʼ. The exclusive component of meaning comes from an adverbial particle as in the standard account. For the evaluative compo...

For many linguists interested in pragmatics, including the Prague School theorists, Halliday (1967), and Vallduví (1992,1993), information structure is a sentence-level structure. It is generally characterized as a variation of sentential structure along certain parameters to modulate the presentation of the information imparted by the sentence in such a way as to relate that information to pri...

according to this definition 2. Each elementary tree is constrained to have at least one terminal at its frontier which serves as 'head' (or 'anchor'). Sentences of a Tag language are derived from the composition of an S-rooted initial tree with other elementary trees by two operations: substitution (the same operation used by context free grammars) or adjunction, which is more powerful. Taking...

In this paper, we investigate the phonological and phonetic markers of focus and topic intonation in Greek. We have found that both focus and topic are marked by phrasing, type of pitch accent and boundary tone. One difference between the two is that, on the one hand, focus deletes a boundary after the focus word and de-accents all following words. On the other hand, topicalization creates an I...